Life Is Lousy When You re Drowsy - 789 Words

There are several passages in the new book â€Å"Overloaded and Underprepared† that fill me with sadness for American high school students, the most driven of whom are forever in search of a competitive edge. Some use stimulants like Adderall. Some cheat. But the part of the book that somehow got to me most was about sleep. It’s a prerequisite for healthy growth. It’s a linchpin of sanity. Before adulthood, a baseline amount is fundamental and nonnegotiable, or should be. But many teenagers today are so hyped up and stressed out that they’re getting only a fraction of the rest they need. The book mentions a high school in Silicon Valley that brought in outside sleep experts, created a kind of sleep curriculum and trained students as â€Å"sleep ambassadors,† all to promote shut-eye. The school even held a contest that asked students for sleep slogans. The winner: â€Å"Life is lousy when you’re drowsy.† Sleep ambassadors? Sleep rhymes? Back when I was in high school in the 1980s, in a setting considered intense in its day, the most common sleep problem among my peers was getting too much of it and not waking up in time for class. Now the concern isn’t how to rouse teens but how to lull them. And that says everything about the way childhood has been transformed — at least among an ambitious, privileged subset of Americans — into an insanely programmed, status-obsessed and sometimes spirit-sapping race. Take one more Advanced Placement class. Add another extracurricular. Apply to all eight

Types of Relationships Free Essays

Human relationships have always perplexed me. These seemingly simple bonds between people can amount to so much and cause such commotion that lives change drastically within minutes in these relationships. Especially in the fast changing world of today. We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Relationships or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my piece I am going to be telling you about the three types of relationships I see taking place. Over time, I have asked myself three questions, finding the answers along the way, which is what I will be explaining to you. To begin, how much does one compromise on self-gratification for the sake of commitment? Or should one compromise at all in the name of love? Finally, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? To start off, how much does one compromise on self gratification for the sake of commitment? What I have seen in regards to this scenario is basically to satisfy parents or tradition. This basically comes hard for the person making the compromise mainly because even though they may be happy, they are just not in that totally-in-love state and as a whole, not fully in the relationship. In such a relationship the person who has made the compromise is just in the relationship in a lost state where the other person is there trying to take it further and make it work whereas just being in it for maintaining it sake. The person making the compromise I would say is robbing themselves their true love as well as the other person involved. Why have someone love you and want so much from a bond when you can’t seem to find the zeal for it as well? It makes no sense to spin a top in mud; it only brings hurt in years to come. This type of relationship can be seen in families of wealth and good economic status. Secondly, should one compromise at all in the name of love? My answer to this is NO! This really makes no sense and ends up just hurting the other person badly. It’s like a slap in the face saying that you have just played with them for so long. The other person would just take it as thought you were there to satisfy and act out the role of being in a bond. Compromising in the name love is just wrong to do; whatever the circumstances. This sort of actions you would find in arranged marriages and usually it is the female that has to make this compromise and suffer. A classic example of this type of relationship can be seen in arranged marriages in Indian families, but these are not limited for Indian families in India; these can still be seen in American or other parts of the world where Indian or Muslim families reside. Only true love can set them free of this compromise but it just ends up in a big blunder because it would create a lot of friction and pose a lot of questions. When someone truly loves, they expect to have it back in return. Not an act. Lastly, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? This to me is a sad thing but also a happy thing when it is dealt with maturely and with much understanding. Regarding my earlier points; imagine in this compromise that is made. It takes a true person to understand when love is found outside a relationship by the compromising partner. Although the other party is strongly in love with this person, they would understand that this was not their love story after all and should be happy that their partner found theirs. Yes it is a sad thing to happen in a relationship, but when one understands the meaning of true love only then they can let go without any qualms. In conclusion I would just like to let you know that in these relationships listed above really toys’ with emotions and in somewhat way sets people free to truly love. So next time a relationship hinders your way I urge yourself to ask yourself the questions I explained or even more ask yourself while you are in it. How much does one compromise on self-gratification for the sake of commitment? Or should one compromise at all in the name of love? Finally, what happens when love is found outside ones’ commitment? I assure you if you can analyze these three questions of relationship, you would indeed have a good approach and grasp on your commitment. How to cite Types of Relationships, Essay examples

Canteen Thesis free essay sample

The school environment plays an important role in nurturing and sustaining good eating habits (http://www. hpb. gov. sg/Hopportal/health-article/2818). This became the basis for the researchers to focus on the problem regarding the functionality of the school cafeteria facilities and the satisfaction of the students toward it. The researches chose to study the given topic to find out if the school cafeteria meets the satisfaction of the students in terms of nutritional value of products, its marketability or cost, sanitation of the facilities and its adequacy and for the cafeteria to be informed on the things that they must improve in their services. Canteen has a special role to play in education, health and well being of the students (danila, 2010). The school canteen is important because 1. It gives the students a taste for healthy foods 2. It supports nutrition messages taught in class 3. It shows the students better choices for lunches and snacks (http://www. scribd. com/doc/47463383/importance-of-canteen). The research seeks to explore the following fields of sanitation, nutritional value and marketability of the sold products. The researchers have to come up with the following observations. 1. There are only few choices of food for the students in the cafeteria 2. The facilities like tables, chairs, utensils and plates cannot accommodate the large population of the students 3. Most of the students eat their lunches in the 15 eateries outside the campus. The researchers have chosen the above title with the following purposes; 1. To provide the canteen management information that may help in improving the services offered to canteen-goers. 2. To provide recommendations to improve their services 3. For future studies it will serve as basis relating the functionality of the school cafeteria. In the line of the observations made by the researchers, they would like to study the functionality of the school cafeteria and students satisfaction as perceived by the laboratory high school students of LSPU-SPCC A. Y 2012-2013. Background of the study: Providing meals and rooms for the students has been a tradition in the western countries. From the 12th century to medieval ages, hostels were set up at European colleges and universities. Until World War II, colleges provided separate dining halls for men and women, trained students’ social graces and satisfied their dietary needs. (Danila, 2010) The first self-service restaurant was the Exchange Buffet in New York City, opened in September 4, 1885. Food was purchased at the counter and patrons standing up. During 1893 an entrepreneur named John Kruger emphasized the simplicity and light fare and he called it the â€Å"Cafeteria† from the Spanish word â€Å"coffee shop†. (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/cafeteria). Then later on, schools began providing food for children because many of them were undernourished. Food sold in the cafeterias before were real potatoes, real pasta and they baked real cookies, most of the foods were free of artificial flavors. Today the food being served to children has been substituted by many artificial ingredients compared to past. (http://caffoodmsuet. eebly. com/history. html) The school cafeteria advisory committee was established by the Department of Education and the Arts to promote and support the development of healthy school canteens and to provide advice and all aspects of the planning, establishment and operations of a school cafeteria. School canteens or cafeterias should be established to benefit children by making it possible for children to buy nutritious and healthy food at complete meal. It should be easier for children to remain within the school grounds during lunch time for their own safety. Through providing experiences of a variety of foods and dishes, they support the skills and knowledge learned in the classroom about food and nutrition. (http://www. discover. tased. edu. au/hpe/cmh/Default. htm) Principals and canteen committees should be familiar with the Australian Dietary Guidelines. A canteen policy which has these as a basis would be valuable as they encourage those in control of providing food to reduce health risks from poor nutrition is about making healthy food choices, aving healthy attitudes toward food, and having access to healthy food choices and balance and moderation. (http://www. discover. tased. edu. au/hpe/cmh/Default. htm) Statement of the Problem The research study aims to find out the functionality of the school cafeteria facilities as perceived by the Laboratory High school students of Laguna State Polytechnic University A. Y 2012-2013. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following questions: 1. What is the profile of the students in t erms of : 1. 1 age; 1. 2 gender; 2. What is the level of student’s satisfaction in terms of : 2. 1 cleanliness of the canteen; 2. 2 services provided; 2. 3 ventilation; 2. 4 nutritional values of sold products; 2. 5 cost of products; 3. What is the rating of the respondents on the functionality of cafeteria facilities in terms of : 3. 1 number of tables and chairs: 3. 2 service counter: 3. 3 capacity: 3. 4 restrooms: and 3. 5 ventilation equipments; 4. Is there a significant relationship between school cafeteria functionality and student’s satisfaction? Conceptual Framework Table1. Research Paradigm Table 1. 1 shows the possible relationship between the independent variables such as age, gender, cleanliness of the canteen, services provided, ventilation, nutritional value of sold products, cost of products, numbers of tables and chairs, service counter, restrooms and ventilation equipments and the dependent variable/s which includes the level of students satisfaction in terms of the cafeteria given above. Hypothesis In the line of the observations made by the researchers, they would like to present the hypothesis below. . Is there a significant relationship between the functionality of school cafeteria and the students satisfaction made by Laguna State Polytechnic University-San Pablo City Campus Laboratory High school students A. Y 2012-2013. Significance of the study The research will be of significant to: To the Canteen Personnel, For them to find out if they meet the satisfaction of the students and for them to be informed if improvement is needed in terms of their service. To the School Administrator, For them to find out if the school cafeteria needs their support in the improvement of the facilities. For future researches, it will serve as basis in giving related studies about the satisfaction of the students in the school cafeteria functionality. Scope and limitation The study is specifically focuses on the respondents perception on the functionality of school cafeteria facilities among the Laboratory High school students of Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus A. Y 2012-2013. This study was limited to the level of student’s satisfaction in terms of services provided, ventilation, nutritional values of sold products and cost of products. Functionality of school cafeteria facilities is measured in terms of number of tables and chairs, service counter, capacity, restrooms and ventilation equipments. The respondents of this study will be sixty (60) selected high school students, fifteen (15) respondents each section of the laboratory high school, fifteen respondents coming from each year level. Definition of Terms The following terms are defined operationally: School Cafeteria- In this study, it refers to the place found in schools where students buy their food to have energy for the time of classes. Facilities- In this study, it pertains to the amenity that makes the customer comfortable. Functionality- In this study, it refers to the use or the functions of the cafeteria facilities. Services provided- In this study, it refers to the duties of the personnel for the students. Ventilation- In this study, it refers to supplying the students with air to make them comfortable to eat. Nutritional value- In this study, it refers to the sustenance the food can give to the students. Cost- In this study, it refers to the prices of food that the students will buy at the canteen. Service counter- In this study, it pertains to the area where the students give their payment. Capacity- In this study, it pertains to the number of students that can accommodate the area of the canteen.

WordPress Plugin Check How to Check Plugins for Compatibility Issues

The huge variety of available plugins is a big part of what makes WordPress so great. But because there are so many plugins from third-party developers, you can occasionally run into compatibility issues. To find those issues, youll need to know how to perform a WordPress plugin check.By choosing your plugins, themes, and other tools carefully, you can prevent most problems before they happen. What’s more, diagnosing and dealing with compatibility errors if they do occur isn’t difficult.In this post, we’ll discuss what plugin compatibility means for your site. Then we’ll talk about how to handle errors as soon as you notice them, and how to carry out a WordPress plugin check to find incompatible plugin in the first place. Let’s jump right in! What does a compatibility error look like? This question can be difficult to answer, since the specific problem you’ll see will be based on the plugins involved. However, in general, these errors cause a specific feature on your site to function incorrectly or stop working.This feature may be inherent to the plugin causing the problem. Alternately, it might belong to another plugin, theme, or WordPress itself. In rare cases, incompatible plugins can even break your site – so this is an issue to take seriously.How to diagnose a potential plugin compatibility errorIf you think you may have a plugin compatibility problem on your site, don’t panic. In most cases, it’s easy to diagnose and deal with these errors. You can simply perform a WordPress plugin check, to see whether one of your plugins is actually causing the issue you’re seeing.The best way to do this is to disable your plugins, one at a time. We highly recommend doing this on a staging site for safety reasons. So you’ll want to start by creating a copy of your live site first (if you don’t already have one). Next, log in and navigate to the Plugins tab in your dashboard:Here, youâ₠¬â„¢ll see a list of all the plugins installed on your site. Under each one, you’ll see an option labeled Deactivate. The following process will help you carry out a WordPress plugin check for compatibility errors:Deactivate one of your plugins – preferably the one you most recently installed or updated.Check out your site on the front end, test whatever feature wasn’t working, and see if it’s fixed.If the problem has gone away, you’ve found your culprit! If not, reactivate the plugin and deactivate the next one on the list.Repeat the previous steps until you find the plugin causing the issue, or until you’ve gone through every plugin on your site. If none of your plugins are to blame, you’re likely dealing with a different type of WordPress error.Once you’ve figured out which plugin is giving you trouble, you have a few options. You can try uninstalling and reinstalling it, and see if that resolves the issue. If it doesnt, you ’ll either need to contact the developer for help fixing the error, or find a replacement plugin that does the same thing (more on this in the next section).Finally, it is possible for a plugin compatibility error to prevent you from logging in to your site at all. In this scenario, you can still carry out a WordPress plugin check. Youll just need to use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to access your site’s files directly. You can find more details on how to do this in our article on the subject.Automate your WordPress plugin checkWhile the manual process above is simple, it can still take some time to manually deactivate all of your plugins, especially if youre using a lot of plugins. To automate the process, you can try the free Plugin Detective plugin: Plugin Detective Troubleshooting Author(s): N SquaredCurrent Version: 1.1.6Last Updated: June 11, 2019plugin-detective.1.1.6.zip 92%Ratings 22,276Downloads WP 4.4+Requires This plugin, which won  WordCamp Oran ge County’s 2018 Plugin-a-Palooza contest, basically does exactly what we described abovejust automatically.Once you install it, you can use the new  Troubleshoot option on the WordPress toolbar.How to prevent plugin compatibility errors in the first placeThe WordPress Plugin Directory will let you know if a plugin is out of date and risky to install.While its certainly possible to diagnose compatibility issues after-the-fact, its better to try and figure out if a plugin will break your site  before you actually install it.While you can never 100% guarantee this, there are ways to significantly decrease the chance  of encountering any compatibility issues.Before installing any new plugin, you’ll want to:Make sure the plugin is compatible with your version of WordPress. This information is listed on each entry in the WordPress Plugin Directory, and on most other sites that sell plugins.Check to see if the plugin has been updated recently. In general, avoid plugins that havent been updated within the past six months.Take a look at the plugin’s user reviews and ratings. These will give you a general idea of its quality. Plus, people will often mention any compatibility issues they’ve encountered in their reviews.Consider whether the plugins functionality overlaps with anything already installed on your site. Having two plugins that affect the same feature doesn’t guarantee there will be a problem, but it does increase the risk.If you’ve gone through this list and the plugin you’re looking at satisfies each point, you’re probably safe installing it. Just to be certain, however, it’s still smart to activate it on a staging site first. That way, you can run a WordPress plugin check and catch any issues before you install the plugin on your live site.ConclusionBy using plugins, you can modify WordPress to add just about any feature you want. While this is great news, it’s also important to be aware of the risks involved. The more plugins you install on your site, the more likely you are to run into a compatibility error at some point.Fortunately, most compatibility problems are easy to deal with via a simple WordPress plugin check. You can diagnose them by systematically deactivating each plugin on your site until you find the one at fault. Of course, we all know that an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. For this reason, you’ll also want to vet each new plugin carefully before adding it to your site.Do you have any questions about how to diagnose or prevent plugin compatibility errors on your site? Let us help in the comments section below! Here's how to check new or existing #WordPress #plugins for compatibility issues at your site

Understanding Iridium Flares

Understanding Iridium Flares Our night skies are packed full of stars and planets to observe on a dark night. However, there are more objects closer to home that observers plan on seeing every so often. These include the International Space Station (ISS) and numerous satellites. The ISS appears as a slow-moving high-altitude craft during its crossings. Many people often mistake it for a very high-flying jet. Most satellites look like dimmer points of light moving against the backdrop of stars. Some satellites appear to move east to west, while others are in polar orbits (moving nearly north-south). They generally take a little longer to cross the sky than the ISS does. A pair of Iridium satellites flaring. Jupiter is to the right and the bright star Arcturus is to the lower left. Jud McCranie, Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0. There are thousands of artificial satellites around Earth, in addition to thousands of other objects such as rockets, reactor cores, and pieces of space debris (sometimes referred to as space junk). Not all of them can be seen with the naked eye. Theres a whole collection of objects called Iridium satellites that can look very bright during certain times of day and night. Glints of sunlight bouncing from them are referred to as Iridium flares and for years they have been observed fairly easily. Many people probably have seen an iridium flare and simply not known what they were looking at. It also turns out that other satellites can show these glints, although most are not as bright as the iridium flares. Whats Iridium? Satellite phone or pager users are major users of the Iridium satellite constellation. The constellation is a set of 66 orbiting stations that provide global telecommunications coverage. They follow highly inclined orbits, which means that their paths around the planet are close to (but not quite) from pole to pole. Their orbits are roughly 100 minutes long and each satellite can link to three others in the constellation. The first  Iridium  satellites were planned to be launched as a set of 77. The name Iridium comes from the element iridium, which is number 77 in the periodic table of the elements. It turns out that 77 were not needed. Today, the constellation is used largely by the military, as well as other clients in the airline and air traffic control communities. Each  Iridium  satellite has a spacecraft bus, solar panels, and a set of antennae. The first generations of these satellites go around Earth in roughly 100-minute orbits at a speed of 27,000 kilometers per ho ur. The History of Iridium Satellites Satellites have been orbiting Earth since the late 1950s when  Sputnik 1  was launched. It soon became obvious that having telecommunication stations in low-Earth orbit would make long-distance communications much easier and so countries began launching their own satellites in the 1960s. Eventually, companies got involved, including the Iridium Communications corporation. Its founders came up with the idea of a constellation of stations in orbit in the 1990s. After the company struggled to find customers and eventually went bankrupt, the constellation is still in operation today and its current owners are planning a new generation of satellites to replacing the aging fleet. Some of the new satellites, called Iridium NEXT, have already been launched aboard SpaceX rockets and more will be sent to space to orbits that will likely not produce as many flares as the older generation has. What Is an Iridium Flare?   As each Iridium satellite orbits the planet, it has a chance to reflect sunlight toward Earth from its triad of antennae. That flash of light as seen from Earth is called an Iridium flare. It looks very much like a meteor flashing through the air very rapidly. These brilliant events can happen up to four times a night and can get as bright as -8 magnitude. At that brightness, they can be spotted in the daytime, although its much easier to see them at night or in twilight. Observers can often spot the satellites themselves crossing the sky, just as they would any other satellite. Looking for an Iridium Flare It turns out that Iridium flares can be predicted. This is because the satellite orbits are well known. The best way to find out when to see one to use a site called  Heavens Above, which keeps track of many known bright satellites, including the Iridium constellation. Simply enter your location and get a feel for when you might see a flare and where to look for it in the sky. The website will give the time, brightness, location in the sky, and length of the flare for as long as they continue to occur. Saying Goodbye to Iridium Flares Over the next few years, many of the low-orbiting Iridium satellites that have been reliably producing flares will be decommissioned. The next generation of satellites wont be producing such flares as reliably as the old ones did due to their orbital configurations. So, it may be that Iridium flares could become a thing of the past. Fast Facts Iridium flares are caused by sunlight glinting from the surfades of low-orbiting Iridium satellites.Such flares can be very bright and last only a few seconds.As new generations of Iridium satellites are being put into higher orbits, Iridium flares may become a thing of the past.

Profile of Author Lois Lowry, Newbery Medal Winner

Profile of Author Lois Lowry, Newbery Medal Winner Author Lois Lowry is best known for The Giver, her dark, thought-provoking, and controversial fantasy, which is a young adult novel, and for Number the Stars, a childrens novel about the Holocaust. Lois Lowry received the prestigious Newbery Medal for each of these books. However, what many people dont know is that Lowry has written more than thirty books for children and young teens, including several series. Dates: March 20, 1937 - Also Known As:  Lois Ann Hammersberg   Personal Life Although Lois Lowry grew up with an older sister and a younger brother, she reports, I was a solitary child who lived in the world of books and my own vivid imagination. She was born in Hawaii on March 20, 1937. Lowrys father was in the military, and the family moved a lot, spending time in various states and in Japan. After two years at Brown University, Lowry married. Like her father, her husband was in the military and they moved a good deal, finally settling in Cambridge, Massachusetts when he entered law school. They had four children, two boys and two girls (tragically, one of their sons, an Air Force pilot, died in a plane crash in 1995). The family lived in Maine while the children were growing up. Lowry received her degree from the University of Southern Maine, went to graduate school, and began writing professionally. After her divorce in 1977, she returned to Cambridge, Massachusetts where she still lives; she also spends time at her home in Maine. Books and Accomplishment Lois Lowrys first book, A Summer to Die, which was published by Houghton Mifflin in 1977, was awarded the International Reading Association’s Children’s Book Award. According to Lois Lowry, after hearing from young readers about the book, I began to feel, and I think this is true, that that audience that youre writing for, when you write for kids, you are writing for people who can still be affected by what you write in ways that might change them. Lois Lowry has written more than thirty books for young people, from 2 year-olds to teens, and has received numerous honors. Lowry received the prestigious John Newbery Medal for two of her books: Number the Stars and The Giver. Other honors include the Boston Globe-Horn Book Award and the Dorothy Canfield Fisher Award. Some of Lowrys books, like the Anastasia Krupnik and Sam Krupnik series, provide a humorous look at daily life and are geared for readers in grades 4-6 (8 to 12-year-olds). Others, while targeting the same age level, are more serious, such as Number the Stars, a story about the Holocaust. One of her series, which she is planning to expand, the Gooney Bird Greene series, targets even younger children, those in grades 3-5 (7 to 10-year-olds). Many of Lois Lowrys most serious, and highly-regarded, books are considered young adult books. They are written for children in grades 7 and up (12-years-old and up). They include A Summer to Die, and The Giver fantasy trilogy, which became a quartet in fall 2012 with the publication of Lowrys Son. In discussing her books, Lois Lowry explained, My books have varied in content and style. Yet it seems that all of them deal, essentially, with the same general theme: the importance of human connections. A Summer to Die, my first book, was a highly fictionalized retelling of the early death of my sister, and of the effect of such a loss on a family. Number the Stars, set in a different culture and era, tells the same story: that of the role that we humans play in the lives of our fellow beings.   Censorship and The Giver The Giver is 23rd on the American Library Associations list of the Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009. To learn more, see In Their Own Words: Authors Talk About Censorship, in which Lowry discusses reactions to The Giver and states, Submitting to censorship is to enter the seductive world of The Giver: the world where there are no bad words and no bad deeds. But it is also the world where choice has been taken away and reality distorted. And that is the most dangerous world of all. Website and Social Media Presence Lois Lowrys official website has been redesigned and the new, improved website debuted in September 2011. It is divided into five main sections: New Stuff, Blog, About, Collections and Videos. Lois Lowry also provides her email address and a schedule of appearances. The New Stuff area contains information about new books. Lowry uses her blog to describe her daily life and share interesting stories. Both adults and young fans will enjoy her blog. The About area of the site contains three sections: Biography, Awards, and F.A.Q. The Biography section consists of a first-person account of Lois Lowrys life, written for her readers. It contains lots of links to family photos, many of which are from Lois childhood. There are also photos of Lois as a bride and photos of her children and grandchildren. The Awards section provides a good bit of information about the John Newbery Medal (Lowry has two) and a long list of all of the other awards she has received. In the entertaining F.A.Q. section, she answers specific, and sometimes amusing, questions that readers have asked her. According to Lowry, the most frequently asked question is, How do you get your ideas? There are also such serious questions as A parent from my school wants to ban The Giver. What do you think about that? The Collections area includes Books Speeches and Pictures. In the Books section, there is information on all of the books in her Anastasia Krupnik series, Sam Krupnik series, her books about the Tates,  The Giver  trilogy, and her Gooney Bird books, as well as her other books, including her first Newbery Medal winner, Number the Stars. The Speeches section of the Collections area, the only area specifically directed to adults, includes more than a half-dozen speeches, each available in PDF format. My favorite is her 1994 Newbery Medal acceptance speech because of all of the information she gives about how specific life experiences influenced her writing of The Giver. The Pictures section includes photos of Lois Lowrys home, her family, her travels and her friends. Sources: Lois Lowrys website, Lois Lowrys Reading Rockets interview, American Library Association, Random House

Capital investment appraisal within an organisation looks at the Essay

Capital investment appraisal within an organisation looks at the acquisition of fixed assets so as to generate wealth for the organisation - Essay Example Capital investment appraisal, which is also called capital budgeting, is the process to use funds to acquire operational assets (Khamees et al. 2010). These investment decisions obtain their guidance and source from the outcomes or results, which are provided by the source of capital investment appraisal. If the outcomes of capital investment appraisal are positive and encouraging, and these outcomes show that a particular investment, if taken, would bring wealth and additional inflows to the organisation, then investment or fund managers do not delay or waste a single minute to give a green signal for the investment project. Additionally, that investment project must ensure that after a certain number of years, the investment project would bring some additional inflows which would be more than the initial cost invested into that investment project. Four investment techniques are the different methods: Payback period, discounted payback period, net present value (NPV) and internal ra te of return (IRR). These four investment techniques are the basic tools used by the investment managers to carry out the process of investment appraisal. Each investment technique is different and is used differently by the fund or investment managers. Payback period is simply takes into account the number of years. Payback period informs that how many years a particular investment project would take to recover the initial cost of investment. The discounted payback period is a bit different to payback period. The discounted payback period uses a firm’s cost of capital for the purpose of evaluating the expected future cash flows from an investment project.... The discounted payback period uses a firm’s cost of capital for the purpose of evaluating the expected future cash flows from an investment project. In the discounted payback period, without using the cost of capital, the application of discounted payback period would not be possible and applicable for the purpose of conducting an investment appraisal. Net present value (NPV) is considered to be a more effective and reliable investment appraisal tool in comparison with other tools of investment appraisal. The main reason for its more recognition and more application among the different fund and investment managers is that net present value heavily relies on the technique of time-value of money concepts. The internal rate of return (IRR) is a discount rate. This discount rate is used by many fund and investment managers for the purpose of evaluating the future cash inflows. The only and most important function of the internal rate of return is to give a figure of cost of capita l; and this figure is used and applied on the different available cash flows to determine their present value. Capital Investment Appraisal For the financial and investment managers, the activity of capital investment appraisal brings a huge amount of responsibility for them. The capital investment appraisal requires purchasing a long term asset with a life of many years. This means, in case that fixed asset is purchased, the company becomes locked in for the duration of the asset’s life. Also, since the purchase of a fixed asset would directly increase the current level of business operations, and the contribution of the fixed asset would also increase in the activities of sales, costs and so on, it becomes necessary for the investment and fund