Evaluation of my Body Image Health Campaign

My health campaign had a positive impact on my target audience because they were able to learn about factors that can influence their views on body shape and how to value themselves. At the start of my health campaign, my target audience were insecure and unaware of the impact it can have on their development. I used the results of the planning questionnaire to get an indication of what my target audience had thought about themselves before I carried out my health campaign in order to compare and contrast the results of my feedback questionnaire. The graph above shows that the health campaign was useful because there were less insecurity than I discovered in the planning questionnaire. There were 81 pupils that were insecure in the planning questionnaire. The number reduced in the feedback questionnaire to 12. This is a massive improvement because it showed that my health campaign had a positive impact on my target audience. My teachers and head of sixth form had praised me on the success of the campaign. I had also changed their views on body image issues. Majority of them didn’t see it as a major problem due to students not being open orally. Read also Six Dimensions of Health Worksheet This is the reason why I had chosen to do a questionnaire rather than an interview. It is easier for pupils to be open and express their concerns in a written form because interviews can make them withdraw or restrain, which would result on my health campaign not being effective due to denial. Before carrying out my health campaign on body image issues, I had to draft up a planning questionnaire to find out what my target audience, which is year seven pupils that attend my school, find problematic with their body and what factors influence them in drafting up a perfect body. From the planning questionnaire I was able to discover that girls were 2% more insecure about their body image than boys. This might be because girls have drafted up an image of a perfect body; tall, skinny and athletic in their heads. If they don’t fit into the categories, they see themselves as a ‘worthless’ or ‘ugly’. I had asked in my planning questionnaire; â€Å"How important to you is your appearance? † The question was a closed-ended. Majority of the questions I had asked in my questionnaire was closed-ended because it would provide a quantity data that can be used as statistic. All the girls and 82% of boys had ticked yes. This made me be aware that boys and girls see their appearance to be important, it is something they value. This implies that boys and girls in year seven are insecure about their body image. I had asked the pupils that had ticked yes to elaborate the reason why they think it is important. Majority of the girls saw it as a necessity and the boys viewed it as a goal. This was an indication that I should educate these pupils about valuing their body. I did find out that 65% of boys are more likely to compare their body type to their peers, famous athletes and family members. The questions I asked â€Å"How often do you compare yourself to other girls or boys? † there was a handful of boys that ticked yes than girls, and further on I asked them to elaborate their answer. Majority of the boys wrote that peer pressure and the mass media had an impact on how they viewed themselves. They would often be exposed to well-built athletes and pressured to getting the ‘perfect body’ to impress girls. If they don’t fit into a certain category they would often get verbal abuse from their male peers. From the secondary research I had done for my health campaign, I had learned that boys would judge each other more than girls. Debbie Epstein (1998) and Francis (2001) had examined the way masculinity is constructed within schools. They found that boys are likely than girls to be harassed, labelled as ‘sissies’ and subjected to homophobic (anti-gay) verbal abuse if they appear to be ‘swots,’ which is a term to describe someone that studies or behaves similar to a girl. A feminine boy would be subjected to verbal abuse from other boys because he does not look and behave the same. From a young age boys establish a certain norms and value and if it is broken, then the boy would be socially excluded. One critical issue that arose in the planning questionnaire is that there was a handful of boys that perceive their body shape as unrealistic. I had asked another closed-ended question; â€Å"Do you perceive your shape in an unrealistic way? † There were a large proportion of boys that had ticked yes, 15% more than girls. This links to what I mentioned about boys being exposed to well-built and muscled men from mass media in the previous paragraph. Year seven boys don’t usually have toned muscles because they have not yet fully developed their body since boys tend to go through puberty when they are teenagers. It had worried me that boys and girls in year seven had ticked yes in that particular question because for them to see their body type as unrealistic. We associate the word ‘unrealistic’ to impractical and unworkable. This meaning that the pupils saw their body shape as a problem that they could not change. Another critical issue that had surfaced in the planning questionnaire is that there was a large amount of girls that had saw their body size to be a sign as a personal failure. There were a less than half of boys that had the same view. I had asked another closed-ended question that was; â€Å"Do you think that your body size or shape is a sign of personal failure? † To view your body shape or size as a personal failure is distressing because it can lead to eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, which is life-threatening because it can affect a person’s emotional, physical, social and intellectual. This is problematic since pupils in year seven are still developing. A personal failure is usually something we regret constantly and has more of an emotional affect because we often feel distressed due to viewing ourselves as worthless. This is another reason why I had decided to carry on my research with both genders because the year seven pupils are insecure about their body. The last critical issue that ascended on the planning questionnaire is that both girls and boys felt embarrassed, mortified and ashamed of their body. The questions I had asked was; â€Å"Do you feel ashamed, self-conscious, and anxious about your body? † There was an equal amount of boys and girls had ticked yes, which had highlighted the fact that both genders are equally distressed about their body. This can be linked to what I had mentioned about the emotions leading to eating disorders that can affect their development. I had viewed this as a critical question because of the affect it has on the pupils. This further encourage me to pursue my health campaign on educating year seven pupils about valuing their body image. The feedback questionnaire had shown the effectiveness of the workshops, which I had organised. I had discovered that the Building Self-Esteem workshop had an average of 7. I had asked the pupils; â€Å"How did you find the Building Self-Esteem workshop? † and gave them the option of scoring the effectiveness of each workshops from 1-10 (1 being bad and 10 being good). For the Building Self-Esteem workshop to have an average of 7 is viewed as a success because it shows that the pupils were able to learn something important and build up their confidents, which would build their self-esteem. The purpose of the workshop is was to encourage pupils to get involved and lead the activity with little help from teachers and the Youth Club leaders. I was expecting a handful of the pupils to not get involved in the performance and was surprised to see that a lot of them were joining in the activities and leading it. The building self-esteem workshop was a success because the pupils contributed to the workshop. The Mass Media workshop had been more of a success than the building self-esteem workshop because it had achieved an average score of 9 in the feedback questionnaires. I had asked the pupils; â€Å"How did you find the Mass Media workshop? † I gave them a scale from 1 to 10 again. This is because if I wanted to calculate the average number rather than getting a simple yes or no. The reason why the pupils had favoured the Mass Media workshop over the Building Self-Esteem might be because the Mass Media workshop had highlighted to the students that celebrities, such as Taylor Swift have body image issues. The pupils had learned that body image insecurity can affect everybody, even those that they admire. An average score of 9 had shown that the Mass Media workshop was effective because it indicates that the pupils had learned something from the workshop. The critical question I had asked in my feedback questionnaire was; â€Å"Did you learn anything from the campaign? This was a closed and opened question because I had given the option of ticking yes or no and a space for those that ticked yes to state what they had learned from my health campaign. I am proud to say that all the pupils had ticked yes and majority of them wrote that they had learned to value their body shape and size. Some wrote detailed answered on specific activities and the impact it had on them. For example a student wrote that they had found the Building Self-Esteem workshop helpful because they had been successful in interacting with other pupils and had become more confidence. I was really pleased with the results of this question because it shows that my health campaign. Overall, the questionnaires were helpful in creating my campaign and the impact it had. The planning questionnaire had helped me to get a generalised idea of why and how my target audience are insecure about their body shape and size. The planning questionnaire had also helped me design activities and workshop. I came up with the Mass Media workshop when the pupils had written that they were highly influenced by what they saw on the mass media, which consist of newspapers, magazines, televisions, mobile phones, internet and etc. I wanted to show the pupils that it is perfectly alright to be insecure because it is in human nature to be worried about how we look. This sparked the idea of using celebrities, who are the people that most young children look up to. If a celebrity, like Taylor Swift or Adele is insecure then it is perfectly fine to accept help from professionals, like the celebrities have done. The feedback questionnaire was useful in giving me an indication how useful my health campaign about body image issues. It had helped me know which of my workshops and assembly was more effective. This was the first assembly and the Mass Media workshop. If I ever decided to do another body image issues campaign for another year group; I can use the results of both questionnaires to help construct the campaign. There was no unexpected outcome that was challenging. I had predicted that there would be less insecurity in the end of the campaign compared to before. This is because I had high hopes for the success of the health campaign. The pupils had cooperated efficiently in both workshops and assemblies. In the Building Self-Esteem workshop, the pupils had all taken their roles seriously and had performed extremely well. The outcome for most of people was really good because everyone was ecstatic and participating efficiently. I remembered watching the pupils performing in the Building Self-Esteem workshop with their goofy grins and joyful laughter. I was very pleased and shocked at the cheers and the cooperation from pupils and surprisingly teachers. Some teachers did volunteer in the second assembly to share their experience with accepting themselves. In general, I was glad of how well the campaign had impacted my target audience and some of the teachers and staff at my school, such as the dinner-ladies. The Head of Sixth Form at my school had personally asked me; if I was considering doing my campaign again for other year groups. I had considered doing my campaign for students in year eight and ten because when I was in those year groups I was insecure about my body and I had heard that other students are worried about the way they look as well. The teachers that were involved in the campaign had asked some specific questions regarding the campaign and the local youth club I attend because I had people from the youth club helping me organise the campaign. I had given them the information about the campaign and the youth club. Evaluation of the Health Campaign The first assembly was the introductory period where I introduced myself and I informed the children about what would be happening for the rest of the day. I had also explained the importance of body image insecurity and the impact it can have on a person. The student had listened effectively and I had not run out of time. The assembly was insightful to many pupils because it had informed them of what would be the problems of accepting yourself. The second assembly was also a success. However, it was more time consuming because some of the teachers had volunteered willingly to discuss the issues they had experienced with valuing their body shape and size. I did appreciate it and thought it had been a valuable and beneficial for the campaign. The Building Self-Esteem workshop was effective because the pupils had cooperated effectively. They had performed the short play as a group and no one was excluded. The workshop did take longer than expected. This might have been because the pupils had performed the activity a little slower than anticipated. It wasn’t problematic because the groups had performed their play the period before break. This meant that I could take a bit of their break time to make up for the few minutes that was necessary to finish the workshop. The students were not disappointed and were actually having fun performing and watching their peers. The cheering of pupils did get out of control. I had to ask them to clap after the play is finished because it was hard to hear the pupils performing. The pupils did follow instructions. The Mass Media workshop had gone to plan because the pupils had absorbed the information. I was not surprised at the success of the Mass Media workshop because I had predicted it to be a realisation. The pupils were clueless about the fact that insecurities of body shape and size can affect anyone. The workshop was quicker than the Building Self-Esteem workshop because it had finished on time; all group had been successful in completing the task without any problems. There were a lot of praises from pupils and teachers for the Mass Media workshop. I think this was because the workshop had included people that they I idolise and watch on television. The resources I used to promote my campaign were leaflets and posters. I had handed the pupils and the teachers the leaflets at the end of the second assembly. The leaflets had included the presentation from both assembly in order to remind the students of what they had learned on the day. I would want for the pupils to remember what had happened in the campaign and therefore, I would use the leaflets and the badge as a way for them to remember. I had placed the posters around my school; in the canteen, toilets, corridors and classrooms. I had decided to put the poster up three weeks before the actual campaign. This way the children would be informed of what was happening in a couple of week. The Head of Sixth Form in my school I had provided me a budget of ?50 to spend on my health campaign. I decided to spend the money that was provided by my school on a personalised badge from Camaloon. This is because the personalised badge can be a small reminder to my target audience in valuing their body. The badge had said â€Å"There is No Wrong Way to Have a Body. † This quote had helped increase the pupils’ self-esteem because it would show the children that there is nothing wrong with their body type. The personalised badge had cost ?39. 5 and the quantity is 100, which is helpful because there is 90 students in year seven. The badge had cost ?28. 09, and there was a VAT increase of ?6. 88 and the delivery charge was ?4. 67, altogether it had cost ?39. 65. I really liked the design because it had attracted both genders and they didn’t exclude anybody due to the colours being red and black, which are mutual colours. Boys and girls won’t be ashamed to wear the badge. I was given permission from the school to use their account in Camaloon to create and purchase the badge. I did have to order the badge in advance, just in case of delivery delays. The badges had arrived a week before my health campaign event and I was successful in not spending over the budget. The approach I used for the campaign was educational and behavioural. This is because I wanted to teach children in their first year of secondary education to value themselves as a person. I had used the activities to change the pupils’ behaviours because their self-esteem would increase. This had made the pupils more confident and outspoken. The Building Self-Esteem was an activity that I created to make the children feel valued. Identify that beauty, well-being and strength come in all sizes. Carol Johnson, author of Self-Esteem Comes in all Sizes says that â€Å"actual beauty includes what’s inside, your passion for life, your playful spirit, a smile that illuminates up your face, your sympathy for others. † This is a good quote to show that all sizes are beautiful. I want to set an example of admiration for size diversity. Children naturally come in different sizes and builds and that is fine. I feel that I have met my aims and objectives because the pupils in year seven have cooperated well in the workshop and had told me personally that the campaign was very useful. My aim was to educate young females and males that have just started secondary education into valuing their body. This was because girls and boys in year seven tend to be more insecure about their body compared to other year groups in secondary education. This may be due to puberty or a new environment. Primary schools had a smaller classroom size than high schools. This can make girls and boys that were already cautious about their body changing, more insecure because of a larger peer group subculture. Early or late bloomers may feel like they are developing differently to their peer groups. My objective was to tackle low self-esteem in preteens in the first year of secondary education by organising a focus group in the school I attend. I had put the focus group for pupils in year seven only. I had found out if I had accomplished my aim and objective from the feedback questionnaire. The students had given the workshops a high average score (I’ve mentioned this on the impact of audience) and had found the campaign to be useful. If I was doing this task again I would like to expand the campaign for pupils in year 8 and so on. This is because low self-esteem and body image issues can occur in other year groups. I would very much like to educate the other years. Unfortunately, my main focus on the campaign was on year seven because that is the starting point for most children. There are some pupils that have not been taught why it is important to value your body. I might use a different approach because they would be older than my target audience. This might be done by adding another workshop about self-harming and the affect it has a person’s health. That might be interesting for pupils.

Reading Summary of Privacy

Monica. Liu March 1, 2013 Reading Summary: â€Å"Privacy† by Deborah G. Johnson This article is written by Deborah G. Johnson, on page 204-214, the author mainly talks about the following points: First, in the first part, the author thinks that once people begin to have interest in using the information of individual, privacy will exist. It points out that those who want information about individuals want it because they believe that it will help them to make better decisions and serve their customers better.Such views heavily distort in gathering and exchange of information, so people should make a more powerful case for protecting and ensuring privacy in the lives of individuals so that people will not feel uncomfortable about the amount of information that is gathered about them. Secondly, the author states privacy as an individual good in Personal Privacy part, which distinct privacy as an instrumental good and privacy as an intrinsic good. In Reframing the Computers and P rivacy Issue-Privacy as a Social Good part, it states privacy as a social good.In this part, it mentions two terms of autonomy and democracy. Once people lose the control of information about themselves, their autonomy will be reduced. And democracy is a kind of idea that citizens have the freedom to exercise autonomy. When privacy is as a social good, it is more important than efficiency and better consumer services. Thirdly, this article presents the importance of individual controlling and relationship establishing.The author considers individual controlling will effect on establishing a relationship with that individual and determining the character of the relationship, at the same time, it will influence the diversity of relationship. Once people lose control of information, it will reduce their ability to establish and influence the relationships they have and the character of those relationships. Finally, it points out several possible counterarguments: privacy only protects people who have something to hide; individuals in our society do have some power to control their relationships with private and public organizations.This article examines the issue from the perspective of business ethics on privacy in an effort to understand the unique privacy context of computer-based survey research. I agree with the author that reframing privacy as a social good is very important. As an important social good, privacy would be on part with other social goods such as law enforcement or government efficiency. Instead of a social good outweighing an individual good, it would be clear that we have two social goods at stake.In reframing the issue in this way, privacy would be more likely to be treated as equally important, if not more important, than other social goods. In such way, people can live in a democratic society with autonomy. Meanwhile, we should have a standard to control our privacy to others, because privacy is the fundamental pre-condition to establish relationship with others. If you keep your privacy seriously, you will be isolated by the society. On the contrary, if you lose the control of your private information, you won’t set up relationships with others either.

RH Bill Essay

Introduction Poverty and overpopulation are two of the biggest national concern the Philippines have right now. Many solutions have been made to alleviate these problems but none of them seem to work. One of which is The Reproductive Health Bill of the Philippines, or RH Bill. This bill allows Filipinos access to contraceptives and an opportunity to be enlightened on the topic of family planning. The bill was first introduced in 1998 but somewhat died in the years after. Not until the year 2011 that the Congress decided to once again open its door for discussion on the RH bill. The basic condition of this bill is to introduce Filipinos and distribute to them family planning devices. It also aims for health care centers all over the country to circulate information on how to properly use them. Companies and schools are also encouraged to do the same with their employees and students. Through this, the bill intends to alleviate the problem of overpopulation in the Philippines. The bill, like any other thing in the world, is surrounded by controversies. It is actually a really good bill but a lot of people are opposing it. The number one group who opposes it is the Catholic Church. Though not entirely stated in the bill, the Church implies that the bill entails abortion, something that is greatly against the teaching and morals of the Church.

To study the relations between satisfying and dissatisfying factors Research Proposal

To study the relations between satisfying and dissatisfying factors affecting workers' productivity - Research Proposal Example †¢ Identification of satisfying factors that improve the productivity of workforce. †¢ Studying the influence of environment on the nature of factors influencing productivity. †¢ Study of the traditional methods for productivity improvement. †¢ Formulation of a productivity improvement strategy that simultaneously focuses on lessening the dissatisfaction and improving the satisfaction among workers. †¢ Judgment of the validity of the Herzberg’s theory of motivation through results of the strategy. Justification: Productivity is one of the most cardinal concerns in the state of the art business practices. The progress of any organization depends upon the speed of work. Workers’ motivation plays a decisive role in boosting the speed of work because they work at the grass root level. Their productivity is essential for the company’s progress to comply with the schedule. Companies that surpass the deadline make the owners incur great financia l losses. Liquidated damages absorb the profit margin that not only decreases the profitability of business, but also serves as a potential discouragement for the owners. Therefore, workers’ productivity is the key factor that needs to be concentrated upon in order to increase the profitability of a business. ... Various theories of motivation have been proposed, each highlighting a specific aspect of motivation. One such theory is the Herzberg’s motivational theory that emphasizes that workers can only be motivated for work if managers take measures to both satisfy them and remove the factors that dissatisfy them. Such theories are readily being relied upon by both researchers and practitioners. There is a need to check the validity of these theories. This research will check the validity and practical usability of the Herzberg’s theory of motivation by devising a strategy based on it that would focus on improving workers’ motivation for work, and hence their productivity. The research will be very useful for researchers and philosophers that tend to base their proceedings on the Herzberg’s theory of motivation. If the strategic model of productivity enhancement devised in this research brings out positive results, it would not only justify the usability of the He rzberg’ motivation theory, but would also provide the owners with a well developed strategic model of productivity improvement. Review of the literature Various factors influencing the productivity of individuals in the context of work can be success, job satisfaction, desire for money, team work and recognition (Management Study Guide, 2011). Productivity is directly influenced by an individual’s level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the job. Job satisfaction is controlled by the employees’ satisfaction with such factors as salary, leave, medical facilities and insurance etc. Various theories of motivation like Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory and the Herzberg motivational theory commonly stress upon a need to address workers’ concerns on these factors so that their

The Impact of Immigration Law to the HR Field Research Paper

The Impact of Immigration Law to the HR Field - Research Paper Example President Obama’s immigration executive action will lead to significant changes in the wage structure of the US labor market that will demand the attention of HR planners and recruiters for a smooth transition. Various organizations and think tanks interested in the US immigration debate have given their analysis and forecasts on the potential impact of the president’s executive action on the US labor market. According to the Council of Economic Advisors estimates, the executive actions by President Obama are projected to raise the average wages of native-born American citizens by 0.3% (or $170 in today’s dollars) over the coming 10 years. The CAP estimates that wages will increase by an average of 8.5% over the next one year for individuals who will be eligible for new and deferred action (Center for American Progress). These wage gains will be driven by the potential eligibility for work permits, better job matches in the market as well as a reduced probability of being taken advantage of being employers. The FPI, on the other hand, estimates a 5 to 10 percent increase in wages over the next five years for the projected 5 million workers who will be expected to gain work authorization through the president executive's expanded deferred action (Garcia, 2013). The NAID Center approximates that the deferred action on 3.8 million undocumented immigrants could raise labor income by as much as $ 7.1 billion in the order’s first two years of implementation (â€Å"Executive Action†, 2014).

Business Proposal for custom shoe store called DECO HEELS Essay

Business Proposal for custom shoe store called DECO HEELS - Essay Example Currently, women are finding it difficult to get shoes of their choice because most of the stores are offering already designed shoes (Shaw and Onkvisit, 2008). Decor Heels will have an unmatched and extensive selection of high heel shoes for women. The model of the business is based on customer selection that will allow customers design their own high heels under the brand name of Decor Heels. Customers will be required to place an order and the company will make an invitation for the design of their selected high heel shoes (Moisander and Valtonen, 2006). The business aims a creating a competitive advantage in the first six months of operation through diverse selection. This will depend on the company’s management team especially the marketing team. It is the expectation of the business to capture at least 20 percent of market share and a profitability of more than $100,000 in the first three years of operation. 1.1 Success Factors There is one main success factor and that i s the ability of the business to enhance satisfaction for high heels among women. The business will achieve this by offering a wide selection of shoes as preferred by customers. 1.2 Business Objectives The objectives of the business are based on the first three years of operation and include: Establishing a retail store based on supplying high shoes that will satisfy customer needs beyond expectations Capturing 20 percent of the market share for female shoes by the unmet need for women to design high heel shoes Establishing a retail business that will grow on its financial performance 2.0 Business Description Decor Heels is a sole proprietorship business based in New York serving the unmet demand for customized high heel female shoes. The business aims at enhancing consumer satisfaction by offering the opportunity for customers to design their own high heel shoes under our brand name Decor Heels. Customers will be submitting their shoe design and the company will be making available the desired designs within a period of two days. Basically, Decor Heels will be keeping close contact with manufacturers and suppliers to ensure that the shoes are made available at the shortest time possible. In order to improve service delivery, the company will establish a total of ten retail stores at strategic locations within New York City and depending on its performance; the business will open more outlets in other cities within the first three years of operation. 3.0 Definition of the market 3.1 Industry Analysis The market for high heels is under the general market for shoes. Decor Heels is targeting the market for high heel shoes which has few market players. The market for high heel shoes is dominated by large departmental stores with other players including shoe-only stores and small retail stores. Departmental stores mainly sell everything with shoes being among their items for sale. They do not put their focus on shoes but all their products on sale. Shoe-only stores as the name suggests specialize in selling shoes only. Small retail stores engage in the sale of female shoes and clothes (Hill, 2011). 3.2 Market Segmentation The general market for female shoes has two population segments including female professionals and housewives. Professionals are defined by their responsibility of working on a full-time basis whereas

Defending beauty as in Whats wrong with beauty and being beautiful Essay

Defending beauty as in Whats wrong with beauty and being beautiful - Essay Example al – referring to the professional environment; a careful review of the conditions of a specific workplace can lead to the assumption that beauty can be a powerful tool supporting the communication but it is not a criterion for the professional development – neither of the males nor of the females. The issue of beauty and its influence on the various aspects of personal, social and professional life has been examined in the literature and the empirical research. Indicatively, we could refer to the study of Derenne et al. (2006, 257) who noticed that ‘throughout history, the ideal of beauty has been difficult to achieve and has been shaped by social context; current mass media is ubiquitous and powerful, leading to increased body dissatisfaction among both men and women; parents need to limit children’s exposure to media, promote healthy eating and moderate physical activity, and encourage participation in activities that increase mastery and self-esteemâ₠¬â„¢. In other words, personal perceptions on beauty are likely to be developed – at their primary stage – during the early years of the human life; the images of the media and the press can influence the perceptions of children on beauty and lead them to the development of specific assumptions regarding the power of beauty and its role in the various aspects of personal and social life. Current paper focuses on the examination of the various aspects of beauty as a tool for the achievement of specific personal targets; beauty is related with a series of achievements in the professional and the social life but not for the reason that could be primarily thought of. Beauty – in opposition with the views of Wolf in her book Beauty Myth – is not the final target of males and females in countries across the international community; it is rather the tool of the achievement of such targets (either in the short or the long term). The influence of beauty on a person’s psychology cannot be doubted. In a

Artistic Freedom, Commercial Demands, and Ethical Responsibility Case Study

Artistic Freedom, Commercial Demands, and Ethical Responsibility - Case Study Example The media has its own justification of releasing such content. These justifications will be elaborated upon in this paper along with its impact on the moral, artistic and commercial landscape of the media. A discussion on censorship will also be covered within this paper. Justifying Questionable Content The media has been quite vociferous in justifying questionable content. They present their perspective of the story which does not completely alleviate the concerns of responsible citizens. One argument presented by the entertainers is that the impact of media is not as strong as is being propagated by anti-media parties. They argue that while there may be a relationship between violence and media, this relationship is not properly understood. It may be possible that people with a violent streak may be more inclined to watch violent movies (Smith, 2002). In such cases, it is not the media that is impacting the person but rather the person being attracted to media for what is provides to the individual. The individual may even live out his fantasy of violence by watching the movie and may not commit such acts in his real life. However, the media cannot make a strong case that its content does not impact the minds of the young consumers who have little knowledge of differentiating between right and wrong. The media does not take into account its moral duty (Ganguzza and Morgensten, 1992). Entertainers and their supporters also argue that questionable content could not be completely removed from media as this would subsequently harm the freedom of speech of the media. Preventing the media from freely expressing their content is a violation of their First Amendment Act (Magoon, 2010). The media is entitled to its own opinions even if they are objectionable to certain groups. For example, Eminem may be producing questionable content according to certain people but entertainers argue that he is merely expressing his opinions. The voice of Eminem represents the voice o f millions of black people and to silence this voice is to prevent the media from being truly free (Christians, et. al, 2012). Moral, Artistic and Commercial Relevance of the Argument If considered morally, the presence of questionable content is destroying the fabric of the society. It is doing this by promoting a culture that is filled with violence, hate and sexual overtones. While the society stresses on the importance of morality and ethic, the media is promoting a culture that is just the opposite. For example, it gives the lesson through a variety of films such as Kill Bill, that a common man may arise above the law and take revenge for the wrong inflicted upon him. If the media is allowed to go unchecked, the youth will have a completely different and distorted view of morality. When parents check mortality, it is sometimes quite the opposite of what children watch on the media. This will lead to doubt in the minds of the children and may even impact the authority of the par ents (Eden, Grizzard and Lewis, 2012) However, the artistic freedom of the media is sometimes comprised if they are not able to truly depict their opinions and views. If

Decision Making in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Decision Making in Practice - Essay Example Overview Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH) This refers to the excision of the uterus and cervix. This procedure is indicated in a variety of conditions including ovarian cancer, cervical dysplasia, pelvic relaxation, uterine prolapse, endometriosis and uterine fibroids (leiomyomas). About 10% of TAH is done for cancer, but the remaining 90% is performed due to non emergency and non cancerous reasons. This procedure may also be performed in when a patient continually experiences unusual pelvic pain. TAH ensures that a woman is not able to bear children again. The procedure is of advantage as it allows a total examination of the abdomen and pelvis, hence, it allows for the investigation of cancer and other unclear growths. Statistics reveal that approximately 300 women out of 100,000 women in the US undergo TAH. Even in non emergency and non cancerous conditions, TAH poses remarkable challenges for omen and health care practitioners (Anspach 2009, p65). During TAH, the uterus and cerv ix are detached from the fallopian tubes, upper vagina, ovaries, and the adjoining connective tissue and blood vessels. As a result of this, complications arising from the procedure are likely to be marked. The procedure, lasting about 2 hours, is normally performed in general anesthesia so that the patient does not wake up during the procedure. In order to minimize infections, vaginal cleansing is done and antibiotics are administered to the patient before the procedure is done. A urinary catheter is first passed through the patient’s urethra so that the bladder is emptied. This urinary catheter will remain in the patient throughout the procedure and some time after the procedure. Vertical and/or horizontal incisions are then made on the abdomen so that the uterus is exposed (Mehta 2008, p56). Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) This refers to the surgical excision of both sets fallopian tubes and ovaries. It is commonly done with TAH and is referred to as TAH/BSO which is done in about one third of all hysterectomies. BSO is done to treat gynecological cancers and infections. It is also indicated in cases of ectopic pregnancies that occur in the fallopian tube. Just like in TAH, general anesthesia is given to the patient before the start of the procedure, before an incision is made to remove the organs (Ricks 2008, p78). Management of the patient BAH/BSO is a surgical procedure, hence, it has a lot of complications ranging from surgical site infections, extreme pain and bleeding. All these, if not controlled, will are fatal. After the surgery, the patient stayed in the recovery room for some hours. The patient was then monitored to check whether there were any signs of pain. The patient had some pain, hence, we administered some analgesics and we also administered broad spectrum antibiotics to the patient so that infections would be prevented. Since the procedure requires close monitoring and management, the patient was required to stay in the hospi tal for about 4 to 5 days. There was also par vaginal bleeding, which we controlled and managed through the use of sanitary towels. Since it is normal for a patient who has undergone the procedure to have bloody vaginal discharge, we provided a lot of sanitary pads to the patient for purposes of controlling the excessive bleeding (Berek 2008, p87). Catheter Care The catheter was placed to the

Evaluate the Response of the Lloyd George Government to the post-war Essay

Evaluate the Response of the Lloyd George Government to the post-war economic crisis in Britain - Essay Example Its economy observed grave recession for the future years to come. The great Depression of 1929-1933 was also the outcome of the World War I and international economic crisis. David Lloyd George of Liberal Party was the Prime Minister of England during and after the WW-I. Personally, George possessed the instinct of a statesman. First nominated in December, 1916, he was re-elected in December 1918 elections with an overwhelming majority, and it was the hour of trial for the post war government to build the confidence of the masses at the eve where everything was to reconstruct from the zero hour with great patience, endurance and foresight. The beginning of twentieth century witnessed the fastest economic growth in world history. Trade and commerce were at their climax, and England, Germany, France, Belgium and the USA were among the pioneers in respect of rapid economic developments. The escalating British Industry had been depending on its trade and export, which significantly suffered during war due to German blockade everywhere in the Mediterranean. Forty percent of British merchant fleets had been destroyed by German submarines in the war, making it difficult to export goods. Other countries imposed high tariffs on imports to protect their own industries, but this hurt Britains economy. Britains old and outdated factories, machines, and mines also hurt its industries. (Shammons: quoted in http://www.angelfire.com/ca2/shammons/aftermath.html). British economy began to decline right from 1914 partly due to the allocation of resources and concentration at war, and the decline of trade activities as well. The year 1919 brought the happy news of financial reconciliation in England, but it was mere bubble of water, and the recession continued till the world observed the worst form of economic depression in 1921. The Britain foreign investment got a net loss of 300 million

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay Example for Free

Example of Argumentative Essay Essay History shows reiteratively throughout the recorded times that the mark set for students will be predominately that which they aim for and mostly stop therein. If students are not shown any higher level of knowledge the students should at no time be expected to aim for that which they did not perceive. Students will indeed float to the mark you set. History has shown us many valuable illustrations; one of them would be the vast comparison between students during the Ottoman empire and students in the reign of the Spartan empire, the Spartans were taught that knowledge is crucial, if it helps you to fight, whilst the Ottomans were taught that knowledge was imperative if it was beneficial in any way. Because Spartan pupils were finite to knowledge that did not pertain to warfare, they were infinitesimally limited in any other area, and to no degree were able to match the heights of knowledge of the Ottoman student body, the mark for these learners had been set considerably inferior than that for the under-graduates of the Ottoman empire, and so the students attained the mark that was set and were prescribed no reason to surpass it. Therefore it is clear to recognize that the objective a teacher sets for their pupil is all that their pupil will ever feel the demand to accomplish. Students are comparable to a kayak in the sea trying to reach an island to anchor on, and the teacher is the equivalent of the current, the stronger they push to try to reach and help the students, the closer they get to the island. Because students are reliant on their instructors to provide them with an objective to grasp, the supervisors specified a mark, and the students float to the mark that was decided. Therefore the students need only fulfill that which their instructor has itemized for them, and that would be the mark that was stipulated. Since pupils will only feel the need to do what was required in distinction to them, they will inevitably isolate themselves to the mark that was set before them.

Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party Essay Example for Free

Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party Essay Stalins manipulation of the central organs of the Communist Party was they key reason for his rise to power by 1929. How far do you agree with this statement? Use the sources and your own knowledge to answer the question. The rise of Stalin to his position of extreme power is a result of a number of factors varying from Stalins personal characteristics and political skills to the situation of Russia in the years 1924.29. The argument that Stalin came to power as a result of his control of the central organs is strong. However, it is vital that the other factors are not dismissed as they all play an importance in Stalins rise to power. Source A strongly supports the argument that it was his control of the party that resulted in his rise to power by explaining how Stalin had total control over the party and was able to allows his supporters to move up to the higher levels of the party, in which his main rivals were replaced with. Stalins control and organisation of the Secretariat was a key factor that helped him to gradually replace his opponents with his supporters, therefore allowing him to maximise his support of the whole party. This source explains how it was not only the control of the central organs but also Stalins political cunning that was key to his rise in power. Stalins Source B supports this argument to a certain extent but explores other factors that were vital to his rise in power. This includes Stalins policies and in particular Socialism in one country which urged for modernisation through industrialisation without the help of those outside. This policy carried undertones of nationalism and patriotism, appealing to the masses despite it clearly going against the Marxist theory. Socialism in one country proved far more popular than Permanent Revolution as it gave the Russians historic roles. However, it was not just this one policy that contributed to his popularity. His positions on the NEP and his decision to go for rapid industrialisation at the end of the 1920s were supported by the majority of the party. It can also be inferred from the source that Stalins political skill played a major role as he was responsive to the mood of the times and exploited this to his benefit. An alternative explanation is found in source C where a modern historians intentionalist interpretation of Stalins rise to power informs of Stalins ruthlessness being of great benefit to him. Furthermore, during the 1920s Stalin would often speak last at Politburo (The key decision making body) and would float in and out of alliances. His lack of loyalty to any of his colleagues was extremely beneficial to him, as he would cunningly float in and out of alliances as a way of gaining popularity. This was the case with Stalins change of policy on the NEP when he turned and attacked the right wing of the party and adopted the very policies of which he had smashed with the left of the party. Stalins cunning and intelligent political attributes are key in his rise to power. Furthermore, the source offers the idea that his own personal characteristics, being a disloyal and ruthless, played a dominant part in his climb to supreme power. However, there are a number of arguments that have not been presented in the sources. Stalins political skills, personal characteristics, policies and his control of the party organs have all been contested in the sources but there are many other factors that must be considered. Firstly is Stalins position in 1924 before Lenins death. Stalin had began to lay the foundations for his rise to power before Lenin was dead by exploiting the weakness of the central organs due to Lenins ill health. As a result of Stalin laying the foundations when Lenin was still in power he was able to become General Secretary in 1924. This came about due to Stalin being the link between the leader Lenin and the Politburo. The position of Stalin before Lenins death is a factor that must not be ignored, as it was when Stalin began to lay the foundations of what became his rise to power. His role of the General Secretary was key to him becoming more powerful within the party and being able to have his supporters entered into the party at the higher levels. Secondly, Lenins funeral played an important part in Stalins rise, as he was able to show how he could manipulate events. Stalin played a crucial part in Lenins funeral promoting his intention of continuing Lenins work. Trotsky failure to attend the funeral just further added to Stalins growing popularity and raised questions about Trotskys respect towards Lenin. Another crucial factor that added to Stalins success was the weakness of his opponents and in particular, Trotsky. Trotsky attacked the policies of the party and believed that it was becoming far too bureaucratic. These comments were only to increase his unpopularity as the bureaucracy had grown in size during Lenins reign as leader; therefore Trotsky was criticising Lenins leadership. This was not a good idea as Lenin was a cult figure in Russia and a much respected past leader by the party members. He also came under particular pressure when faced against the Triumvirate (Stalin, Zinoviev and Kamenev). By this time Trotskys support was absolutely minimal and he made little effort to gain support or even organise the support he had. By 1926 Trotskys weakness was finally exploited as Stalin was in the position to expel him. By 1929 Trotsky was neither in the party or the country as Stalin had expelled him from the party and country. Finally, there is an element of luck that contributed to Stalins rise. For example, Lenins testament was not read out which was lucky for Stalin as he said that Stalin was too rude and even went as far as to say that he should be removed from his current post of General Secretary. Moreover, for most of the struggle for power, Trotsky, whom was possibly his closest challenge, was ill. Trotskys illness was the reason he was not in Russia for Lenins funeral and relied purely on Stalin for the date of the funeral.

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis

The Significance Of The Suez Crisis The sources I have selected for my coursework concentrate on the impact that the Suez crisis had on the British Empire and its significance in contributing to its downfall. Here there is some dispute as some see the crisis as a minor event that was insignificant or limited whilst others would argue that it was the main reason that the British government lost its position as world leader. However they largely agree that the Suez crisis showed the flaws in British attitudes as a colonial power. In Egypt, France and Britain were the major shareholders in the company that ran the canal and British troops occupied its banks. When Gamal Abdul Nasser came to power in 1954, his main objective was to remove the British from Egypt. This was due to the American and British decision not to finance the construction of the Aswam dam. He took matters into his own hands and took control of the Suez Canal by nationalizing it. The events that occurred after this were extremely quick, Britain and France were hasty to show their discontent in the matter and choose to try to attack Nasser in the hope of getting him replaced and taking control of the Suez once again. The financial importance of the canal was too great for France and Britain to let it be controlled by Egypt alone. So when they attacked Egypt it came as a shock when the United States condemned their actions and made it very clear that they would not support the war against Egypt. The significance of the Suez crisis was that at this point America was asserting its power and influence on Britain for the very first time in history, the balance of power had changed and the United States was now in charge. This would be portrayed years later In Britain as the Suez crisis would be thought of as the symbol, which marked the end of imperial rule. The Suez crisis sent a signal to nationalists in the British Empire that the hour of freedom had arrived but the Americans and not the nationalist chose the hour. The secondary work of  [1]  Niall Ferguson in British Empire supports this as he sates that United States were responsible for dismantling the British Empire due to their reaction to the Suez crisis and causing the uprising and rebellion of the educated class in Africa, which would have a vast influence on British and American politics. As a year after the Suez crisis Ghana got her independence from Britain this could be seen as a direct result of the crisis as it weakened British prestige. It must be distinguished, however , that Ghanaian independence began as early as 1951 when the British had allowed elections for a prime minister , which puts into doubt the importance of the Sue z crisis on growing nationalism however it can not be disregarded that it was a catalyst for the majority of African leaders at the time. Niall Ferguson also suggests that this was significant short-term effect as it was the turning point as America was now in power. As well exposing the empires flaws to the nationalists who were eager to be free from British rule. Furthermore A letter from Eisenhower to Eden dated the 8th of September 1956 illustrates USA asserting its power on Britain. Eisenhower states that;  [2]  The use of military force against Egypt under present circumstances might have consequences even more serious than causing the Arabs to support Nasser it might cause serious misunderstanding between their two countries because frankly there is as yet no public opinion in this country which is prepared to support such a move and the most significant public opinion that there is seems to think that the united nation was formed to prevent the very thing. Eisenhower was trying to imply that any war against Egypt would result in the USSR swooping in and offering alliance to Nasser, which would have a direct impact on the influence of the Russians in the Middle East and this, would consequently harm American interests. Eisenhower knew that the Russians who had developed the port of Alexandria on the coast and also funded the Egyptian economy. He understood that the only reason they did this was to raise the stakes in the cold war, as Russias aim was to expand her influence in the Middle East. So a newfound relationship in North Africa would result in a bigger Russian threat, which America could not take the risk with. Brian Lapping also points out that the main objectives that Egypt and Russia shared was the defeat of colonialism. However this can be interpreted differently as it can seem that the real objective they shared was seeing the downfall of the British rule and prestige rather then just colonialism. Eden and Eisenhower did not share the same opinion about Nasser as he also wrote to Eisenhower regarding the crisis he stated that he was concerned that the seizure of the Suez Canal he saw it as the opening gambit in a planned campaign designed by Nasser to expel all western influence and interests from Arab countries. You may feel even if we are right it would be better to wait until Nasser unmistakable reveled his intensions. But this is the argument which prevailed in 1936 and which we both rejected in 1948 The letter shows the difference in American and British thought regarding the Suez crisis. Eden seems to want to get back British colonial power once again and also he does not want to lose more influence and territory in the area. His belief that Nasser should be controlled was his own attempt of regaining control and power. Eden had old fashion views that Middle Eastern politics should always favor Britain and it was due to these believes that France and Britain went to war against Nasser It shows that Britain along with France could no longer act alone in the world stage something that startled Eden. This change was due to the short term significance o 3Macmillan would learn not to repeat Eden mistakes as he made his main objective to restore the morale and reliability of the conservative party something that Eden had lost. In addition Macmillan did not posse the old fashion views on empire that Eden did, this helped him progress in his political career. The short-term significance of the Suez crisis would have profound effects that would remain in British politicians conscious as they now knew they were seen as a nation to be inferior. American secretary of defense Clark Clifford highlights this as he made this statement The British do not have the resources, the back up a hardware to deal with any big world problemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ they are no longer a powerful ally of ours because they can not afford the cost of an adequate defense effort Clark Clifford supports this idea as he down plays Britains power and dismisses her from resolving any world issues. This shows the extent in which the Suez crisis had on Britains image and influence. Also Dean Rusk the United States Secretary of State pointed out this was the end of an era for the Britain and her rule over her colonies 4President Nixon was quoted saying, For the first time in history we have shown independence of Anglo-French policies towards Asia and Africa which seems to us to reflect the colonial tradition. That declaration of independence has had an electrifying effect throughout the world This shows that the president Nixon was proud and pleased with is countries choice. He portrays America as being a savior In my judgment the Suez crisis remains the turning point in British politics and power. The crisis meant that America was able to assert authority on Britain for the very first time and public view on the empire changed dramatically as it was no longer seen as a prestigious and influential. The crisis had an impact not only on Britain as country but on key individuals that were involved. The Suez crisis had a dramatic effect on Edens career as in 1957 he resigned as Prime Minister after being publicly criticized at home, in later years he would be remembered not for the great things he did before 1956 but for his failure during the Suez crisis. Furthermore Suez crisis changed Nasser from a little known colonel into a great leader who was fighting to help end colonialism. The crisis helped his prestige and hold over his people. The historian Brian Lapping states that the due to the Suez crisis Cairo became the home of many refugee leaders of African anti colonial movements this showed directly that Nasser was defining the British in a insulting and direct way by welcomin g the African nationalists into his country and giving them benefits and luxuries that helped them in their fight for freedom, such as free air tickets to travel anywhere. The Suez crisis would change British politics as new Prime Minster Harold Macmillan decided that in any future events that his party would side with America. He did this because he knew it was the only way he could be popular and not repeat the mistakes of Eden. He also made the effort to get to know very well John Kennedy. Britain Since then has been very hesitant to resist any US policy. This is a direct result of the Suez crisis and the balance of power no longer being in the favor of Britain Conversely some historians have the view that the Suez crisis had made problems such as the political and economical issues that was present before 1956 more perceptible and for this reason the Suez crisis was not a turning point but rather just reveled with staggering clarity the pressures facing the British empire at the time plus if it was not the Suez crisis it would have being another event that would have brought the end of the empire as cracks were beginning to develop. Overall I believe that the Suez crisis did have a massive impact on the British Empire as it changed peoples perceptive of imperialism and made way for the nationalist movement, which would result in the collapse of the empire. Consequently the events of 1956 would be known as the catalyst, which sparked the end of British power and brought the end of the most prestigious empire in history. Gorst and Johnman, as well as Woodward, that Suez somewhat reflected the already-weakening position of the empires, rather than helped engender its demise. (1829 words )

The Great Inflation :: American History Essays

The Great Inflation In late-1922 the German government were forced to ask the Allies for a moratorium on reparations payments; this was refused, and she then defaulted on shipments of both coal and timber to France. By January of the following year, French and Belgian troops had entered and occupied the Ruhr. The German people, perhaps for the first time since 1914, united behind their government, and passive resistance to the occupying troops was ordered. A government-funded strike began as thousands of workers marched out of their factories and steel works. The German economy, already under massive pressure, gave way. The huge cost of funding the strike in the Ruhr and the costs of imports to meet basic consumer needs were met by the familiar expedient of the printing presses. Note circulation increased rapidly, and by November 1923 had reached almost 92 trillion marks. With less than three per cent of government expenditure being met from income and with the cost of one dollar at four billion marks, Germany was in the throes of economic and social chaos. Starvation became a reality for millions of people, despite a bumper cereal harvest, as shops reverted to the barter system. Farmers refused to accept the effectively worthless, banknotes in exchange for grain, and food quickly began to run short in the cities. Prices rose one trillion-fold from their pre-war level. More importantly, for the long-term political future of Germany, the middle and working classes saw their savings wiped out. These were, in essence, the people who were later to become the hard-core of the Nazi vote. Economists will argue that runaway hyperinflation has two sources. Firstly, it arises through a fall in the foreign exchange value of a currency, when an adverse balance of payments reduces foreign investors demand for the currency. A falling exchange rate increases the cost of imports and, therefore, the cost of living. Wages rise as workers try to maintain their standard of living, especially if previous institutional arrangements have linked wages to living costs. Firms paying higher wages raise the price of the goods they sell, prices rise still further, the foreign exchange value of the currency falls still more, and the cycle continues. Secondly, it arises through a large budget deficit which no one believes will narrow in the future. Faced with the prospect of budget deficits for many years to come, the usual sources of credit available to the government decline to make further loans; the government can no longer borrow to cover the deficit between revenue and expenditure. The only alternative is to print more and more banknotes. As government workers and suppliers present their

The Fairy-tale of If on a winters night a traveler Essay -- If on a w

The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past, fairy-tales have been a major form of writing for the great minds of the imaginative authors of the world. In search of cultural roots, much of Europe focused on its folktale and fairy-tales. However, Early Modern and Contemporary Italy took its tales and changed, manipulated, and combined them, having dissimilar concerns as the other societies of Europe. Influenced by his nation's overall approach to its heritage, Italo Calvino, in his novel If on a winter's night a traveler, is blatantly provided with a fundamental structure, plot, and theme through his use of the fairy-tale. "You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade." (Calvino 3). Calvino's opening sentences, even the first couple pages, exemplify what the reader would be told by a storyteller, as a young child would hear, cuddling within his or her warm, blanket-covered utopia, while mother's contiguous body not only provides comfort and security, but a fairy-tale incipit; the child's ear drums focus in on a lulling frequency incessantly flowing from the mother's fatigued mouth. The didactic beginning of this novel is a mechanism Calvino utilizes to ensure the reader that a fantastic, adventurous story is about to begin. The "Once upon a time" cliche that has dominated the first sentence of fairy-tales in the past is replaced with "So, then, you..." where the actual plot then begins (Calvino 4). The Reader takes the first steps on his quest for a final, complete text. Within those few initial steps, he begins his double quest for his princess, the female reader, ... ...iry-tales are. "Calvino's collection stands with the best folktale collections anywhere." (Guton 91). Many attributes of the novel If on a winter's night a traveler by Italo Calvino bare a striking resemblance to the fairy-tale. The structure, plot, themes, and even characterization of the novel exemplify its similarities to a tale. Regardless of how the book is critically approached, the fact that Calvino, influenced by his national culture, wrote the novel as a fantastic tale will always remain firmly planted in his readers' view. Works Citied Calvino, Italo. If on a winter's night a traveler. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981. Guton, Sharon and Sline, Jean. Contemporary Literary Criticism.Volume 22. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Votteler, Thomas. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 73. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1993. The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler Essay -- If on a w The Fairy-tale of If on a winter's night a traveler  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   In the past, fairy-tales have been a major form of writing for the great minds of the imaginative authors of the world. In search of cultural roots, much of Europe focused on its folktale and fairy-tales. However, Early Modern and Contemporary Italy took its tales and changed, manipulated, and combined them, having dissimilar concerns as the other societies of Europe. Influenced by his nation's overall approach to its heritage, Italo Calvino, in his novel If on a winter's night a traveler, is blatantly provided with a fundamental structure, plot, and theme through his use of the fairy-tale. "You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a traveler. Relax. Concentrate. Dispel every other thought. Let the world around you fade." (Calvino 3). Calvino's opening sentences, even the first couple pages, exemplify what the reader would be told by a storyteller, as a young child would hear, cuddling within his or her warm, blanket-covered utopia, while mother's contiguous body not only provides comfort and security, but a fairy-tale incipit; the child's ear drums focus in on a lulling frequency incessantly flowing from the mother's fatigued mouth. The didactic beginning of this novel is a mechanism Calvino utilizes to ensure the reader that a fantastic, adventurous story is about to begin. The "Once upon a time" cliche that has dominated the first sentence of fairy-tales in the past is replaced with "So, then, you..." where the actual plot then begins (Calvino 4). The Reader takes the first steps on his quest for a final, complete text. Within those few initial steps, he begins his double quest for his princess, the female reader, ... ...iry-tales are. "Calvino's collection stands with the best folktale collections anywhere." (Guton 91). Many attributes of the novel If on a winter's night a traveler by Italo Calvino bare a striking resemblance to the fairy-tale. The structure, plot, themes, and even characterization of the novel exemplify its similarities to a tale. Regardless of how the book is critically approached, the fact that Calvino, influenced by his national culture, wrote the novel as a fantastic tale will always remain firmly planted in his readers' view. Works Citied Calvino, Italo. If on a winter's night a traveler. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981. Guton, Sharon and Sline, Jean. Contemporary Literary Criticism.Volume 22. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1982. Votteler, Thomas. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Volume 73. Detroit: Gale Research Company, 1993.

Santiagos Character :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe Santiago’s character in regard to the adversity he faces. What political or historical person could you compare him to? Explain. Santiago faces many adversities in the novel but the main one that makes up the plot is Santiago being shunned as a fisherman in his village by all of the people because he can not catch one fish. A political person that compares to Santiago is Elizabeth Anne Seton. She fought for women’s right to vote and did not care what people called her and what men thought of her. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Draw three parallels between Santiago and the marlin. Choose one quality both share and discuss in detail the impact of this quality on the fate of both the man and the fish. Three parallels between Santiago and the marlin are they are both decisive about what they want. Santiago refuses to stop fishing even though the people of the village are very discouraging, and the marlin will not stop fighting Santiago when he is trying to capture him. Another parallel is that Santiago and the marlin are both old and weak. The last is that there is a lack of faith. Santiago has not caught a fish a very long time and people think the marlin is a legend and it could never exist. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Explain why Hemingway would make the game of baseball and baseball hero, Joe DiMaggio, such important components of a novel about fishing. Hemingway makes the game of baseball and the baseball hero, Joe DiMaggio such important components of the novel because DiMaggio had the attitude of a hero. Also, it was set that when DiMaggio lost his streak in baseball that Santiago set of to go fish and find the marlin. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the role of Manolin? Why would Hemingway choose to portray this character as a child rather than an adult? The role of Manolin is one of a caretaker. He is always there for Santiago even though Santiago never asks for help. Hemingway chooses to show Manolin as a child to show how immature the people in the village are, and also to show that children of all ages can be just as respectful and responsible as adults. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  List three conflicts presented in the novel. Which one do you think is the most significant? Why? Three conflicts that are present in the novel are Santiago verses society, Santiago verses the fish and Santiago verses himself. The most important conflict though is Santiago verses society because with their lack of faith in him to fish, Santiago sets out for an adventure that tests his strength and confidence.

Police Corruption Essay Essay

Police Corruption can be defined as a form of police misconduct in which law enforcement officers break their social contract and abuse their power for personal or department gain. There are three forms of police corruption. These forms are Nonfeasance, which involves failure to perform legal duty, another form is Misfeasance, which is failure to perform legal duty in a proper manner, and the third form is Malfeasance, which is commission of an illegal act. The three explanations of corruption are the â€Å"rotten apples†, â€Å"departmental†, and the other focuses on factors external to the department. An example of these would be an officer might feel unappreciated for their good work and actions and it might make them corruptible. An example of departmental explanation would be if officers feel uncommitted and unsupported, their outlooks and values are reinforced by others in the group which may lead to lack of commitment in their job, thereby leading to corruption. Some police officers may abuse their power because they see themselves as not enforcers of the law, but them as the law itself. The â€Å"blue wall of silence† is a term used in the United States to denote the unwritten rule that exists among officers, where they should not report on a colleague’s misconduct, errors, or crimes. This may impact an officer’s loyalty to their profession because they are not doing their job if they are letting another officer get away with crimes, and if they did report it then they would be breaking their loyalty to fellow cops. It’s important for officers to have a good ethical foundation before they enter into this job because it would help prevent them from doing wrong and abusing their power. In the â€Å"Stopped for Being a Mutt† video, I realized how bad some officers can act sometimes. The teen was stopped and questioned multiple times for looking suspicious, when really they were just racist. They were trying to provoke the teenager to justify an arrest. I feel the form of police corruption they were doing was misfeasance. Stopping someone because of their race, when they weren’t committing any crimes is humiliating to that person and is wrong of any cop to abuse their power in this way. The â€Å"Blue wall of silence† comes up in this type of situation because some other cops  witness it and knows that this goes on when officers have low numbers of stops, and they don’t want to tell because they don’t want to seem disloyal to their fellow police officers. In the â€Å"Los Angeles Police Department† video, they talked about the Rampart and Crash scandal. When I watched this video I was in disbelief that, that many officers were implicated in some form of misconduct. I understand that they wanted to get gangs and crimes off the street but this was no way of going about it. They would shoot or beat people when they were unprovoked. They would steal narcotics and plant false evidence, and frame suspects and cover up all that these officers were doing because it was getting rid of the gangs and â€Å"hoodlums†. I can’t understand how these officers didn’t think what they were doing was wrong and immoral. This form of corruption in this particular situation was malfeasance. What they were doing was illegal, and they are here to protect and obey the law. In the â€Å"Behind the Blue Wall† video. I was extremely shocked to see the police brutality that occurred in these cases. I don’t understand how an officer could deliberately torment a victim because of their race and think they can get away with what they’re doing and that it isn’t wrong. Malfeasance is the form of corruption that comes up in these cases because what they are doing is illegal. The unlawful beatings and shootings of these victims, when they are not provoking the officers; is completely wrong and these cases need to stop. The Blue wall of silence also comes up in these cases because there were officers who knew about what happened and what the other officers were doing and instead of reporting it, they attempted to cover it up. Co-workers should treat those who inform authorities of illegal activity in the police agency the same as how they treated them before they reported corruption. In the virtue ethics perspective, the habit of right desire, he was making the right choice by reporting corruption because he knew that what was going on in the agency wasn’t right and needed to be stopped. Frank Serpico’s response to this case was â€Å"It’s always worth it to be at peace with yourself.† I think this does imply reasoning of ethical thought. I  think Serpico meant that, as long as you feel good with what you are doing, and you are doing what you think is right, then that is all the matters. I agree with this because no matter what happens in the end, it is all worth it if you are at peace and happy with what you did. There are conflicts presented in terms of loyalty and duty. Loyalty is a good to have, but it is not a virtue. If loyalty is treated as a virtue, it can be misguided. It will lead to protection of illegal conduct and can turn into corruption. Officers may want to be loyal to fellow officers and not report what is really going on, however they also want to do their duty, and want to report because it is their duty to not participate in the corruption. The blue wall of silence impacts conflicting loyalty because it is an unwritten rule amongst officers to not report a fellow officer’s mistakes, misconducts, or crimes. This affects them if they want to be loyal to those officers and be loyal to their civic duty as well. If I was an officer in this situation, I would definitely report these crimes. I don’t believe in the blue wall of silence. I think that if an officer is doing something illegal then it needs to be reported and dealt with. Just because they are officers doesn’t mean they should be able to get away with things that they are arresting other citizens for doing.

“Animal Farm” Essay Introduction Essay

Animal Farm, like the first book of  Gulliver’s Travels  (a satire on Queen Anne’s court), began as a tract with a political motive. Farmer Jones’s Manor Farm is an Orwellian Lilliput, satirising the pretensions of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and its prompt corruption by a new, more ruthless power elite than even the Czarist regime under Ivan the Terrible. Manor Farm was once owned by aristocrats – lords of the manor. Hence its name. Before the ‘Rebellion’ it has become the property of a gentleman farmer, who is in fact, a drunken, philistine brute, lower, morally, than the animals he owns and exploits. The clever pigs make the political analysis that the animals slave, and are harvested, for the sole benefit of their owner. What right has Jones to exploit them, their labour and their very flesh on his table? They draw up a political code – ‘Animalism’ (ch. 2). Its slogans are ‘All Animals Are Equal’ (ch. 2) and ‘Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad’ (ch. 3). The pigs mastermind a successful uprising, calling it a ‘Rebellion’. After much bloodshed the animals take over the farm. Power then has its universal effect. Having ruthlessly secured their leadership, the pigs install a totalitarian state, complete with canine police, thought control, liquidation and purges. They reserve for themselves creature comforts and owners’ privileges. For the lower animals, life is, if anything, even harder than it was under Jones: But if there were hardships to be borne, they were partly offset by the fact that life nowadays had a greater dignity than it had had before. There were more songs, more speeches, more processions. Napoleon had commanded that once a week there should be held something called a Spontaneous Demonstration, the object of which was to celebrate the struggles and triumphs of Animal Farm. (ch. 9) In the fable’s controversial conclusion the pigs – now owners of a highly profitable enterprise (for them and their dogs) – make peace with their ‘fellow’ human farmers. The animals look, in perplexity, through the windows of the farm-house: The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which. (ch. 10) The new guiding slogan for the future of the farm is: ‘All Animals Are Equal But Some Animals Are More Equal Than Others’ (ch. 10).

Jewish Marriage Essay

Marriage is a significant part of Judaism bringing together a woman and man under God’s reign. It is the mitzvah (122) â€Å"To marry a wife by means of ketubah and keddushin† (Deut 22:13), all Jewish adherents see marriage as a necessity in order to obey God and to experience the fullness of life. In Genesis God says: â€Å"It is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him. † It is a link between individuals and the wider community as it recognises two individuals coming together, celebrated by the wider community. Also the marriage ceremony itself contains symbolic significance to Judaism, conveying Jewish beliefs through symbols, actions and words. The mitzvah of marriage is especially important as it involves what Jews believe to be the purpose of human life: unity to procreate. This belief is modelled by the creation story in Genesis where Adam is made a partner (Eve) through one of his ribs â€Å"For this reason man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife† (Genesis). The idea of a â€Å"bashert† or ideal partner makes marriage especially important as it creates a bond between two souls, just like Adam and Eve, fulfilling God’s will. Once unity between woman and man is achieved, a married couple are able to carry out the next mitzvah (125): â€Å"To have children with one’s wife† to fulfil God’s wish to â€Å"be fruitful and multiply† (Gen 1:28). Due to this law Jewish people see marriage as the only way of being able to have children, so in marriage, a Jew is able to adhere to two mitzvoth. To be Jewish one has to be born of a Jewish marriage; therefore, Jewish marriages are significant ensuring Judaism remains through generations due to procreation and the adherence of individuals marrying.

Children of Heaven Essay

Watching the movie entitled â€Å"Children of Heaven† made me realize how a simple plot/ story can be as heart-warming and inspiring as any other film available out there in the market. It doesn’t take an elaborate story with so many twists and turns to make a terrific film for everyone to appreciate. Although the movie has some parts which are heavily dramatic like the scene where Zahra was crying due to Ali losing her shoes, the movie still has a predominant light tone. The film makes the audience including myself feel sympathy towards the main characters – portrayed by Ali and Zahra, two siblings who sincerely care for each other. This technique of touching the emotion of the audience is surely effective since it makes them want to go on and finish the film (as I did when the earlier mentioned scene was shone in the very beginning of the film). Captivating the audience, however, does not stop there. Including certain exciting and problematic moments in their life makes the story more interesting and natural. Examples of which are: the scene when the sneakers fell off Zahra’s foot then landed into the canals so she had to follow where the waters went to recover it and the scene when Ali was at the sprint race about to win when another boy bumped him off the course. More than that, the film also brings the audience to capture the daily lifestyle and culture of the Iranian people (as this film was set in that country). Having a background of the characters helps me understand their values and way of thinking. Therefore, I could comprehend the film in an easier way since it has this characteristic. Capturing the realistic view of the world aided me in relating to the film even though I am foreign to the concept it was showing. Having so many values encompassed in the story, I have learned many things regarding determination, compassion and familial love. These values were interspersed in the different scenes of the story. There were some in the beginning about familial love when both Ali and Zahra agreed that they share the sneakers since they attend school in separate shifts – a natural dramatic device for the story. Determination was clearly seen when Ali tried so hard in the race to win the rubber shoes. Compassion was evident in scenes when they took care of the sick neighbor and their mother. Using the typical backdrop and props (as I see it) made everything very earthly. Nothing to fancy was used to show the social status of the family – it was not exaggerated. The objects to be found in the film were ordinarily available in the daily life of everyone. Also, the acting of the characters in the story was very natural. It almost looked like it is a life-story being told and not just a scripted one. I deem that the view of most people regarding those of Iranians will change after seeing this movie. Their genuine care for each other shows how much they appreciate those people and things around them. This contradicts the stereotype given to them as those violent people of the Middle East. Moreover, the film serves as a heart warming meditation about real goodness in humanity – helping balance the negative prejudices that most people project towards Iranians especially nowadays. With all these to be found in the film, I can say that everyone is encouraged to watch it. Not only will they learn family values and self-discipline, the audience could also be inspired to live out their lives to the fullest in each day that passes.

Social Responsibility Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Social Responsibility Practices - Essay Example Socially Responsible Business Practices 5 4.1 Designing Facilities 5 4.2 Developing Process Improvements 6 4.3 Discontinuing Product Offerings 6 4.4 Selecting Suppliers 6 4.5 Choosing manufacturing and packaging materials 6 4.6 Providing full disclosure 6 4.7 Employee Welfare Programs 6 4.8 Measuring, tracking and Reporting 6 4.9 Children’s Marketing 6 4.10 Access for the disabled 7 4.11 Privacy for Customer Information 7 4.12 Plant, outsourcing, retail location decision 7 5. Conclusion 7 6. References 8 1. Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a field of study has created a niche for itself among the academia, corporate, the government and other agencies. Starting at the beginning of the twenty first century, there has been a growing interest in Socially Responsible Investment. There is always a conflict of interest between business and society. From an ethical standpoint, CSR helps create an ideal society due to the actions of companies. However, the economic view is that profit should be maximized. As Leonard and McAdam point out, CSR includes issues such as human rights, workplace, unfair trade practices, ecology, consumers, community involvement and social development among others; and it has a bearing on organizational aspects like manufacturing, marketing, packaging, pricing, and distribution (27-29). CSR has evolved gradually from a ‘compulsory’ attitude to an ‘instructional’ one to a ‘suggestion’ one. This implies a process towards a complex and nuanced framework to define the concept and implement the practice of CSR. 2. Concept of CSR The World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD) defines CSR as â€Å"the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable economic development, working with employees, their families, the local community and society at large to improve their quality of life† (as qtd in Centidamar and Husoy 164). The best CSR initiatives are taken volun tarily on behalf of companies. Encouragement rather than punishment is a better alternative. The stakeholders in CSR should include customers, employees, suppliers, local neighbourhood etc. A softer relationship rather than a formal one should be the basis for collaboration with various stakeholders. Further, CSR brings together various organizations i.e. makes a network among them or builds communication channels between them (Centidamar and Husoy 165). As long as companies can benefit economically, they will implement CSR. Environmentally sound technology is the perfect example for this trend. Increased investments in technology will finally result in increased profits. Not only can innovations improve the corporate image, but also reduce the costs involved (165). Quality is part and parcel of CSR. The lower the company’s ethics, the lesser will be the success of Total Quality Management (TQM). Moreover, the brand image of a corporation is affected if it ignores quality. 3. Importance of CSR The following is a description of some of the merits and the criticism of CSR which together explain the significance attached to this growing field. 3.1 Limiting Litigations Every company has to cross swords with the law of the land at some point of time. Litigations arise when there is an aggrieved party who does not have faith in the company finding a solution that is fair to him/her. CSR is an attitude and a way of doing business. Implementing CSR can

Cancer Biology and MicroRNAs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cancer Biology and MicroRNAs - Essay Example These various RNAs then decide how the amino acids will be coded to make the final protein chain and hence the expression of the genes. MicroRNAs however, are non-coding which means that they are not involved in the transcription and the translation process in any way. They are small molecules and they contain about twenty to twenty-five nucleotides. The role of the micro RNAs is to regulate gene expression as the work of the coding RNA needs to be streamlined to avoid abnormal or wrong coding. They are also very important in RNA silencing which involves suppressing the effect of a gene or more than one gene after coding has taken place (Dutta & Lee, 2010). This can also be important in the elimination of certain unwanted genes form the body. RNA silencing involves the use of antisense RNA which is used in the gene silencing. The identification of the two were among the greatest works done in this field in the last century. Of more importance is the realization that miRNA were signif icant players in the etiology of cancer. Further studies have shown that the miRNAs can be used in cancer therapy and so understanding their nature existence and roles is of great importance to molecular biology. miRNAs are often expressed differently in various stages of development in the organism an aspect that made them be called small temporal RNA due to their temporary expression (Dutta & Lee, 2010). The techniques used to measure their expression include Northern blotting and primer extension assay. This has been developed to help in understanding the small aspects of DNA and RNA that scientists could have ignored or bypassed in the past. As highlighted earlier, micro RNAs play a role in suppressing target messenger RNA expression. This is a complex interaction which includes interacting with 3’UTR in the mRNA. What has been noted is that there are many mismatches in the micro RNA target sites a situation  that is still being probed to establish the cause and effects in gene mRNA expression. miRNA is also known to inhibit or decrease the target levels in the respective mRNA and so this can affect the organism adversely or serve as a predisposing factor for cancer.

The Economic Consequences of ISIS in Middle East Research Paper

The Economic Consequences of ISIS in Middle East - Research Paper Example Isis has therefore led to a vast economic effect, mostly negative, in the Middle East. The worst affected country economically by the invasion of Isis was the northern part of Iraq. It is followed by the other countries such as Turkey, Syria and Lebanon. The economy of the Middle East greatly relies on oil that in Iraq. Other economic activities include tourism in Egypt, transport and real estate in Kuwait (Mc Carthy 2002, pg.59). All of these states have been affected economically by the Isis. Each has a different but almost similar story in relation to the labour force and fixed capital that they relied on for their economic growth. Lebanon, for instance, has a GDP per capita of about 16000 US dollars. Needless to say, the government needed to rebuild national infrastructure after the Lebanese Civil War and this has been detrimental in its economic growth. The Lebanese government had to become largely indebted to several states and this country is still largely underdeveloped. The war in the Middle East has affected directly the labor force. Loss of lives has led to a significant decrease in the size and skills of the workforce. As mentioned earlier, labor is an essential ingredient in the theory of production. Labor includes physical and mental work that. Its reward is money. The element of pleasure derived in undertaking a certain task also factors in but it has to be characterized by payment for it to be considered as labor. Any work that is done by a person to earn some income is therefore considered economic.

The Human Side of Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Human Side of Organisations - Essay Example These targets were specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound. Following the future development targets was an extensive action plan that would help in achieving these targets. 1) Evidence 1.1 Self-Analysis A critical analysis of the personality inventory test taken for the purpose of this assignment made me understand my personality type along with my strengths and weaknesses. According to test results, my personality type is ENTJ which stands for extraverted, intuitive, thinking and judging. Further consideration of these results made me understand that I am capable of looking at a broader picture underlying a situation instead of its specifics (Sharp, 1987). Furthermore, I thrive in situations that allow more cognitive application and social interaction. Research performed to understand my test results indicated that this personality type is known as extraverted thinking (Furnham, Moutafi, and Paltiel, 2005). I like to socialize in practically every situation from academics to family life and community events, intuition acts as my major strength while handling any task or situation at hand. As a result my responses are usually robust; contain holistic view of the situation. Although some of the decisions are made unconsciously however my past experiences provide me with expertise and self-awareness act as a ground for such decisions. Further analysis with the help of course literature provided during the semester about intuition indicated that my intuitive intelligence is an amalgam of creative, social and expert intuition. As a result the decisions made are based on assessment of feelings of people involved in the decisions, my own experiences and understanding along with gut feelings leading to creative ideas. 1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses In the light of the analysis performed above, I was able to identify my personal strengths and weaknesses. Being an extrovert and intuitive persona, I am able to identify other people’s emotions and also read between the lines. Where I have undertaken quite a few projects in leadership roles, these traits helped me in interacting well with my team by understanding their personal emotional needs. My second strength can be effective time management. Since I perform judgment and thorough thinking about tasks before taking them and plan them well after they are assigned to me, therefore I try to keep a track of my performance through effective time management, prioritization and utilization of resources play a key role in this area. My third strength can be strategic thinking. Before making a decision, I try to analyze the situations, possible causes behind the problem and identify most appropriate solutions that will have long term positive results rather than short term success. Along with these strengths, I have several weaknesses which sometimes hinder my efficiency and effectiveness in certain situations. My first weakness can be difficulty in keeping balance between differen t tasks. Although I like multitasking, however it gets difficult to prioritize them and give them due share of time. I plan my tasks before time and keep a track of their

Policing Functions Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Policing Functions Paper - Essay Example Commonly to gain many duties these standards/levels and organizations work together. Whilst every level of law enforcement has its personal obligations and methods, there functions have quality of comparison (Dempsey and Forst‎, 2011). The occupation of law enforcement officers are commonly for police officers who arrest the felons and investigate felony. One significant view is to settle the functions are the organizations/agencies of police. The structure of functions are enforcing the laws, seizing the offenders, obstruct the crime, at the time of need provide the service and maintain the peace. The government made enforcing the law sometimes comprises to arrest the criminals and maintain the peace in those results. It can help to maintain the peace in future by preventing the crimes. The main function of the agencies of police contain law enforcement, arresting criminals, stopping crime, maintain command and equipping other services to the citizens at the time of need. Most of these functions can tally with one another. Like a sample when enforcing the laws, to arrest the criminal by officers is a demand, hat is the results of maintaining the command. These functions successively help to stop the crime in future. The government of federal preserves different agencies of law enforcement with the aim of dealing with trouble spreading over lines of state and pretending territory of the country, if not the integrity of the United States. The agencies of federal law enforcement contain the FBI, Drug Enforcement Administration, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, and Border Patrol. These agencies treat with problems like immigration, sales of drug and its importation, rule of weaponry and dangers to native security like terrorism. Agencies of federal law enforcement have competence on the agencies of local and state. The department of local police is the extremely usual

Primary models of international marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Primary models of international marketing - Essay Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present the primary models of international marketing. These models include, polycentric, ethnocentric and geocentric. Ethnocentric is normally used to refer to refer to assumptions arising from national arrogance. They are conservative and hold the underlying factor that one method used in marketing and manufacturing is adequate and applicable to all other places. They uphold the view that products emanating from their country are superior by default and automatically get accepted in other regions. They do not consider aspects of modification and are not vigorous in their marketing campaigns. Contrary to ethnocentric approach or model, the polycentric approach dwells on the uniqueness of each region it is unveiling its products in. They put extra caution and consideration in regard to the people’s culture and give its products time to be assimilated into the people’s culture. If necessary, they would consider modifying their products to suit the perspective of their new targets. This approach invents new marketing strategies to capture the attention of new customers. On the negative aspect, modifications to fit into each setting may dilute the originality of the initial product and prove expensive for the company too. Considering the unique needs of individuals, cultures or religions in every region may be exhaustive too. Geocentrism embraces a more global approach to business. It levalises the business grounds to all parties as there is no special attention to the original company or the host.