Nationalized Health Care Free Essays

The subject of nationalized social insurance summons instinctive responses from supporters and enemies the same. The sound contention for such a program is regularly lost in passionate manner of speaking. The individuals who don’t approach great social insurance need it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nationalized Health Care or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now The individuals who can exploit the most recent advancements need to keep on doing as such. The ethical quality of the issue, be that as it may, is superfluous until we answer a couple of essential inquiries. Would nationalized social insurance bankrupt America? Would the nature of care be acceptable? Would development be slowed down in a governmentally controlled framework? These inquiries have been bantered previously, however it is quickly turning out to be evident that America should push toward such a framework so as to have a sound, beneficial workforce in the 21st century. Proof shows that it very well may be done, and at a lower cost than what may be normal. Contentions against NHC Rivals of a nationalized medicinal services framework dread the formation of an immense government organization. The administration itself would bring about serious assessment raises. By its inclination, they state, a government organization of this size can't work productively and viably. Choices on close to home medicinal services ought not be placed under the control of the national government. Benefit drives development. Consequently, it is nothing unexpected that most of clinical advances have been made in the United States. A governmentally controlled framework will, by its tendency, confine the benefits of firms occupied with clinical exploration. Harvard University financial specialist Kenneth Rogoff was cited in an ongoing issue of Reason Magazine:  If all nations crushed benefits in the wellbeing division the way Europeand Canada do, there would be substantially less worldwide development inâ medical technology.(Bailey, 2005) Reports of long hanging tight occasions for care in nationalized frameworks, for example, Canada’s have additionally empowered rivals of NHC. Americans merit the best in human services. By what method can a framework that depends on apportioning of medicinal services give the best in care? The individuals who can bear the cost of it approach the best medicinal services in the United States. For the individuals who can't, there are as of now numerous alternatives. Health care coverage pools, Medicare, Medicaid, emergency clinic and corporate help programs give a security net to those without standard protection. The staggering expense of heath care basically can't be borne by the central government. Duty increments will cause the loss of employments and make a delay the economy that benefits nobody. Contentions for NHC Numerous Americans expect that they are getting the best medicinal services on the planet. This isn't really evident. Death rates and different proportions of by and large wellbeing fall behind different nations that have nationalized single-payer frameworks. The expense of human services has additionally become a significant issue that will have gradually expanding influences through the economy. An ongoing article by Julie Appleby in USA Today refers to prove that should concern managers attempting to keep up a profitable workforce: As of now the normal yearly expense of the most well known kind of insuranceâ plan offered by managers hit $11,765 this year†¦Average premiumsâ have risen 87% since 2000, while laborers income have risen 20%.â (2006) The multi-payer, multi-layered arrangement of medicinal services in the United States creates billions of dollars of waste. Truth be told, enough cash could be spared by moving to a solitary payer structure to pay for the human services of the 46 million Americans who are not safeguarded. A New York Times article refers to prove from a New England Journal of Medicine study that a solitary payer framework could really cost less:  †¦administrative costs spoke to 31 percent of all out wellbeing careâ spending in the United States, about twofold the extent in Canada, which has a solitary payer system. (Lohr, 2004) In our present framework, claims are rearranged to and fro between protection offices, businesses and the administration. The expense of this paper rearranging can't be thought little of. The time included likewise punishes the supplier who may need to trust that months will get paid for administrations as every office attempts to arrange a positive cost. Dr. Himmelman, a co-creator of the NEJM study presumes that: The investment funds from moving to a solitary payer framework, evaluated, wouldâ be generally $375 billion every year. That permits you to cover everyone. (Lohr, 2004) Spreading the hazard among the whole populace would likewise lessen costs. This, truth be told, is the means by which insurance agencies bring in cash. With the whole grown-up populace paying premiums to the administration as expenses, the expense for any one individual is held to a base. Development can, does, in any case exist under a solitary payer structure. Medication organizations, for instance, will at present approach government assets for innovative work. They despite everything can procure colossal benefits by growing generally utilized meds. Persistent money related help programs, which most medication organizations have, would never again be essential in a completely guaranteed country. They will likewise set aside cash from just managing one substance. That cash would then be able to be utilized for R D. Advancement has not evaporated in nations that have single-payer frameworks. For instance, a considerable lot of the ongoing advances in the treatment of adolescent diabetes have started in Canada or Europe. The Edmonton convention gives would like to a fix through islet cell transplants. Their investigations are currently being reproduced in the United States. Benefits are as yet huge for creative organizations in those nations. In the U.S. the benefits for these inventive firms are not really as high as one would anticipate. The lions’ portion of medicinal services benefits in our framework goes to the insurance agencies. Those organizations bring in cash, as a result, by apportioning human services, along these lines spreading their hazard. Typically, they are against a nationalized framework that would remove them of the circle. Investigation and Conclusion Incredible insurance agencies and other campaigning interests have had the option to prevent a nationalized social insurance framework. The last significant endeavor was made from the get-go in the Clinton administration. Our nation has changed significantly even from that point forward. The strong economy has drawn a huge number of new laborers. Simultaneously, human services costs have spiraled to uncommon levels. Proceeded with financial development requires a beneficial, lasting workforce. The Census authority appraises that 46.6 million Americans are without medical coverage, extraordinarily restricting their entrance to preventive consideration. Preventive consideration is the absolute most significant component to keeping up long haul wellbeing. Millions additional individuals are under protected. Who are the uninsured? As indicated by the New York Times:  Eighty percent of the uninsured are individuals from working families.But either their bosses don't offer medical coverage or they findâ their portion of the employers’ designs too expensive.(Lohr, 2004) Some who oppose a national framework contend that singular wellbeing investment accounts can be a powerful method of paying for human services. Now and again, this is valid. An inquiry emerges, notwithstanding: Can wellbeing investment accounts stay aware of the spiraling cost of social insurance? For a great many people, it is improbable. A solitary payer, nationalized human services framework would have different advantages for the United States. Manager expenses would be diminished, liberating them to extend their organizations and make more occupations. The managerial expenses of a solitary government framework would be colossal, yet at the same time not exactly the multi-payer framework we have today. People would have ensured access to preventive consideration, a demonstration that has been demonstrated to set aside cash over the long haul for both the individual and the framework. Progressively solid days for the laborers implies more creation at work and more development of business. That, thusly, carries more duty income to the administration. On the off chance that expense increments are fundamental for the underlying set-up of the framework, they will be more than balance by the abatements, or disposal, of medicinal services premiums. Given the idea of our worldwide, serious economy, it just bodes well to keep however many individuals solid and gainful for whatever length of time that could be allowed. This implies everybody must have access to medicinal services. Sadly, this is getting dynamically progressively troublesome. In the long run, the country will address a financial cost for this. Fortunately the proof gives us that national medicinal services isn't as costly or unacceptable as we may might suspect. The United States can bear the cost of a national wellbeing framework. Rather than being a delay the economy it would be an energizer. At some point or another it will get fundamental. Sources Appleby, Julie. â€Å"Consumer disquiet with U.S. medicinal services grows†. USA Today, 16 Oct. 2006. Bailey, Ronald. â€Å"2005 Medical Care Forever†. Reason Magazine, 15 Jun. 2005. Clancy, James. â€Å"U.S. ought to embrace Canada’s general medicinal services model†. National Union of Public and General Employees [online] 2004. Gotten to 27 Nov. 2006 from http://www.nupge.ca/news_2004/n22se04c.htm  Lohr, Steve. â€Å"The Disparate Consensus on Health Care for All†. The New York Times [ Instructions to refer to Nationalized Health Care, Essay models

Summary and Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Rundown and Impact - Essay Example The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) questions the case that e-cigarettes are sheltered on the grounds that fume and smoke are hurtful paying little heed to the manner in which they are devoured. E-cigarettes are new to individuals; it is the motivation behind why they are treated with intrigue and consideration. I see numerous individuals who smoke e-cigarettes during the day. They are enormously advanced as a sound elective which is 100% safe for individuals. This investigation shows that these indiscriminate outcomes have not been affirmed at this point. In the wake of perusing this article I accept that e-cigarettes are not as solid as they are publicized. The main sound option in contrast to smoking surmises that individuals quit this unfortunate propensity until the end of time. On the off chance that any of my companions choose to attempt e-cigarettes so as to lessen tobacco utilization, I would caution them that there are no examinations to check long haul results or symptoms identified with this advancement. â€Å"E-Cigarettes: Not a Healthy Alternative to Smoking†. Science News Net. May 27, 2014. Web. May 28, 2014.

Theoretical Grammar free essay sample

The subject of theor language structure. Its connection to viable punctuation. Sentence structure might be commonsense and hypothetical. The point of commonsense language structure is the portrayal of syntax decides that are important to comprehend and plan sentences. The point of theor language structure is to offer clarification for these guidelines. As a rule, theor language structure manages the L as a practical framework. 2The syntactic structure of the English languageThe linguistic structure of language is an arrangement of means used to transform etymological units into informative ones, at the end of the day †the units of language into the units of discourse. Such methods are emphases, attachment, word request, work words and phonological methods. As a rule, Indo-European dialects are ordered into two auxiliary sorts †manufactured and explanatory. Manufactured dialects are characterized as ones of ‘internal’ syntax of the word †the greater part of linguistic implications and syntactic relations of words are communicated with the assistance of emphases (Ukrainian, Russian, Latin, and so on). We will compose a custom article test on Hypothetical Grammar or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Scientific dialects are those of ‘external’ language on the grounds that most linguistic implications and syntactic structures are communicated with the assistance of words (will do). Be that as it may, we can't discuss dialects as simply engineered or investigative †the English language (Modern English) has expository structures as common, while in the Ukrainian language manufactured gadgets are prevailing. During the time spent time English has gotten increasingly logical when contrasted with Old English. 3Morphology and punctuation as 2 primary pieces of sentence structure. Grammar can in semantics be depicted as the investigation of the standards, or designed relations that oversee the manner in which the words in a sentence meet up. Sentence structure endeavors to organize engaging punctuation, and is indifferent with prescriptive syntax. Morphology is a sub order of phonetics that reviews word structure. While words are commonly acknowledged just like the littlest units of sentence structure, plainly in most (if not all) dialects, words can be identified with different words by rules. Morphology is the part of phonetics that reviews such guidelines across and inside l-ges8Syntax as a piece of syntax. Sorts of syntactic hypotheses. Language structure can in phonetics be portrayed as the investigation of the standards, or designed relations that oversee the manner in which the words in a sentence meet up. Linguistic structure endeavors to arrange elucidating punctuation, and is uninterested with prescriptive syntax (see Prescription and portrayal). Transformational-Generative Grammar. The primary concern of the T G is that the unending assortment of sentences in a L can be diminished to a limited number of pieces by methods for changes. These bits carry out the reason for producing punishments by methods for syntactic procedures. Constructional Syntax. Constructional examination of syntactic arrangements with the constructional noteworthiness/irrelevance of a piece of the sentence for the entire syntactic unit. The hypothesis depends on the mandatory or discretionary condition of syntactic components. Open Syntax. It is basically worried about the investigation of articulations from the purpose of their open worth and useful structure. Down to business way to deal with the investigation of syntactic units can quickly be portrayed as the investigation of the manner in which language is utilized specifically settings to accomplish specific objectives. Discourse Act Theory was first presented by John Austin. The thought of a discourse demonstration surmises that an articulation can be said with various expectations or purposes and along these lines can impact the speaker and circumstance in various waysTextlinguistics considers the content as a syntactic unit, its primary highlights and characteristics, various methods of its investigation. Talk investigation centers around the investigation of language use concerning the social and mental variables that impact correspondence. 13Subordinate word mixes. The idea of hypotaxis Subordinate word-bunches depend on the relations of reliance between the constituents. This surmises the presence of a governingElement which is known as the head and the needy component which is known as the assistant (in thing phrases) or the supplement (in action word phrases). As per the idea of their heads, subordinate word-bunches fall into thing phrases (NP) †some tea, action word phrases (VP) †to run quick, to see a house, descriptive word phrases (AP) †bravo, verb-modifying phrases (DP) †so rapidly, pronoun phrases (IP) †something bizarre, nothing to do. The arrangement of the subordinate word-bunch relies upon the valency of its constituents. Valency is a potential capacity of words to join. Genuine acknowledgment of valency in discourse is called combinability. Inâ linguistics,â subordinationâ (abbreviatedâ variouslyâ subord,â sbrd,â subrâ orâ sr) is a complex syntactic development wherein one or moreclausesâ are reliant on the principle provision, for example, The canine ran homeâ after it had played with the ball. The stressed content is the subordinate statement. Hypotaxisâ is the syntactic game plan of practically comparative yet inconsistent builds (hypo=beneath,â taxis=arrangement),

History and Properties of M-Theory

History and Properties of M-Theory M-Theory is the name for a bound together form of string hypothesis, proposed in 1995 by the physicist Edward Witten. At the hour of the proposition, there were 5 varieties of string hypothesis, however Witten set forth that every wa an appearance of a solitary fundamental hypothesis. Witten and others recognized a few types of duality between the speculations which, along with specific presumptions about the idea of the universe, could take into consideration them to all be one single hypothesis: M-Theory. One of the significant parts of M-Theory is that it required including one more measurement top of the effectively various additional elements of string hypothesis with the goal that the connections between the speculations could be worked out. The Second String Theory Revolution During the 1980s and mid 1990s, string hypothesis had arrived at something of an issue because of a wealth of wealth. By applying supersymmetry to string hypothesis, into the consolidated superstring hypothesis, physicists (counting Witten himself) had investigated the potential structures of these speculations, and the subsequent work had indicated 5 unmistakable forms of superstring hypothesis. Research additionally indicated that you could utilize certain types of numerical changes, called S-duality and T-duality,â between the various forms of string hypothesis. Physicists were at a lossâ At a material science gathering on string hypothesis, held at the University of Southern California in spring of 1995, Edward Witten proposed his guess that these dualities be paid attention to. Imagine a scenario in which, he recommended, the physical significance of these hypotheses is that the various ways to deal with string hypothesis were various methods of numerically communicating the equivalent hidden hypothesis. Despite the fact that he didn't have the subtleties of that fundamental hypothesis mapped out, he recommended the name for it, M-Theory. Some portion of the thought at the core of string hypothesis itself is that the four measurements (3 space measurements and one time measurement) of our watched universe can be clarified by thinking about the universe as having 10 measurements, yet then compactifying 6 of those measurements up into a sub-tiny scope that is rarely watched. Undoubtedly, Witten himself was one of the individuals who had built up this strategy back in the mid 1980s! He currently proposed doing likewise, by accepting extra measurements that would take into consideration the changes between the diverse 10-dimensional string hypothesis variations. The excitement of research that sprung out of that gathering, and the endeavor to infer the properties of M-Theory, initiated a time that some have called the second string hypothesis upset or second superstring transformation. Properties of M-Theory In spite of the fact that physicists have still not revealed the privileged insights of M-Theory, they have recognized a few properties that the hypothesis would have if Wittens guess ends up being valid: 11 components of spacetimeâ (these additional measurements ought not be mistaken for the thought in material science of a multiverse of equal universes)contains strings and branes (initially called membranes)methods of utilizing compactification to clarify how the additional measurements lessen to the four spacetime measurements we observedualities and IDs inside the hypothesis that permit it to diminish to extraordinary instances of the string speculations known, and at last into the material science we see in our universe What does the M Depend on? It is hazy what the M in M-Theory is intended to represent, however all things considered, it initially represented Membrane since these had quite recently been found to be a key component of string hypothesis. Witten himself has been puzzling regarding the matter, expressing that the significance of the M can be chosen for taste. Conceivable outcomes incorporate Membrane, Master, Magic, Mystery, etc. A gathering of physicists, drove in enormous part by Leonard Susskind, have created Matrix Theory, which they accept could inevitably co-select the M on the off chance that it is ever demonstrated to be valid. Is M-Theory True? M-Theory, similar to the variations of string hypothesis, has the issue that it is at present makes no genuine expectations that can be tried trying to affirm or invalidate the hypothesis. Numerous hypothetical physicists keep on inquiring about this region, yet when you have more than two many years of research with no strong outcomes, eagerness without a doubt melts away a piece. There is no proof, nonetheless, that solid contends that Wittens M-Theory guess is bogus, either. This might be where an inability to refute the hypothesis, for example, by demonstrating it to be inside opposing or conflicting here and there, is as well as can be expected trust in at the time being.

Mestizaje and Its Critics

An expression of numerous definitions and suggestions, mestizaje is generally connected with areas that have a past filled with Spanish or European colonization. It is an issue that has been covered, denied, and bantered upon in the social, social, and political sense in these colonized locales. Regular issues identified with this belief system are prejudice, racial segregation, hawkishness, and so forth. In this specific paper, the center gathering of such belief system would be more on Latin America and the Afro-populace or the dark since this gathering for the most part encountered the impacts of the outcomes of such prejudice. Ariel Dulitzky’s A Region in Denial: Racial Discrimination and Racism in Latin America discusses Latin America’s refusal to handle the issue on bigotry and racial segregation. It sums up the sorts of disavowals that this area executes to discover out previously or while getting into conversations about the issues referenced before. These ref usals are ordered in three: exacting disavowal, interpretive forswearing, and justificatory denial.Literal refusal, as the name suggests, is the dismissal of the idea that bigotry exists.â The administration doesn't recognize the nearness of â€Å"race†, thusly making the presence of prejudice invalid. The subsequent classification, interpretive forswearing has four subcategories. In the principal, it isn't the shade of the skin or the race however the societal position of the individual/bunch that is being criticized.â This refusal is euphemism.â The following one, authoritative, is fairly identified with the main classification. It is said that there are no laws made about racial separation in light of the fact that there is no requirement for such for the explanation that they don’t isolate the race of people.Some contend that there are not very many protests about discrimination.â Maybe on the grounds that general society doesn't know about laws and authori zations, if there are any, with respect to demonstrations of racial segregation. The third classification is forswearing of duty. This is the point at which the administration says that separating demonstrations, or whatever they might need to call it, are because of old practices or conventions. The last classification is called simply segregated events.An clarification of this is state that these occasions of bigotry in the end happened exactly at this day and as of now. There is the disavowal that it, prejudice, occurred before, along these lines there can be no chance that they can be known as a bigot district. The last class would be justificatory refusal. From its root word â€Å"justify†, individuals who do this either support things or point a finger to the casualties themselves. Individuals in control demonstrate that they have a place with a blended race, therefore racial isolation doesn't exist.Despite every one of these dissents, the Convention Against Racism or t he â€Å"Convention† made a few things happen to support these areas and the casualties recognize that racial segregation truly exists. Fortunately, the exertion turned into an eye opener to other people. Just because, banters about bigotry were done and more gatherings were made to secure and actualize the Convention’s guidelines against racial discrimination.Associated with a region’s capacity to segregate is the immense inquiry concerning that region’s personality. One article that discussions about Latin America’s national and social personality is that composed by Lourdes Martinez-Echazabal. She talks about the diverse view purposes of journalists of a similar nationality, Cubans, to be specific, relating to national character and racial separation together with its impacts on people’s activities and convictions. In the given time, 1845-1959, the Afro-populace had been related to anything pessimistic †poor people, the brainless, th e squalid, and the barbaric.As an aftereffect of this thought, the conclusion to slave exchange was once made trying to stop the increase of the Afro-populace in Latin America since increasingly dark individuals inferred a boorish and unhealthy area that would prevent if not stop the social and social advancement of networks in their district. A few authors imagined that crossbreeding with individuals of lighter appearance was a stage towards progress. They were into making changes with the colonizers.On the opposite, the other gathering of essayists was after the freedom of the district. They do this by not taking a gander at the man’s shading to pass judgment on his/her virtues or legitimate status. They utilize this contention of having a national character, only one shading in any case the blend of race or shade of the skin. Cooperation and socialization among various races were empowered in improving an and illuminated society.To be increasingly specific, an article by C harles Hale concentrated on this area partitioned into what they call the ladinos and Mayas, ladinos being the ones with the more white skin and European blend, and the Indians as the Mayas. As described in Hale’s production, the ladinos used to be the prevalent gathering in the previous decades, and the Mayas being the sub-par one. Communication of ladinos with Mayas is precluded by the ladino older folks. As time cruised by, there had been a few changes in the political and social set up of Guatamela.There were Maya social activists that battle for their social rights. A few ladinos changed their points of view about the Mayas by one way or another regarding the latter’s strict conviction, for example, the party of their supporter holy person for a beginning. Bigotry was certainly outfitting towards the Mayas, yet because of the number in populace with the Mayas taking up significantly the higher level of the populace, the ladinos began to get confounded on the off c hance that they truly are the ruling race.The individuals met by Hale were as yet reluctant, some way or another, when gotten some information about the social victimization the Mayans. Their answers were uncertain possibly in light of the fact that there is no assurance on the social improvement of their district. Befuddled responses to straightforward social inquiries were given. Mistaken individuals for confounded social convictions would result to inconveniences in intrigue and one befuddled country.It is astonishing how these scholars misshape thoughts and convictions. From the forswearing, to the national character, to the befuddled locale, presently, we have another touch of things about mestizaje and social and national personality. Saldaã ±a-Portillo’s contentions, despite everything, are about mestizaje and how specific areas respond to it. In her distribution, mestizaje is advanced as a stage towards citizenship, towards foundation of national culture. In the past audits, it is typically the â€Å"whites† ruling or assuming control over the â€Å"blacks†.However for this situation, it is still obvious that Indians are seen as an indication of an uncouth network, however a few things are seen the in an unexpected way. Not that these Indians truly assuming control over the district and the legislature, yet these colonizers, the Spanish and the Europeans, really being taken over by the Indians in different points of view. It is about the ladies colonizers and the Indian men, Spanish not being the main language, and a natural follow in history.Discussion about ladies having their jobs and rights in the network, just because, were referenced and talked about upon for these â€Å"rights† may be at chances with their group’s rule. Ethnic gatherings were additionally offered right to the land they lived on. In any case these new focuses that may join certain districts, mestizaje would stay to be viewed as these locales ac knowledge each other in any case the race, the face, or the beliefs.I must concede that racial separation, in spite of the considerable number of endeavors to maintain a strategic distance from and battle it, despite everything exists up right up 'til the present time. There are likenesses in circumstances in these articles. These readings are generally about the quest and fight for social and national character for the most part of individuals in the Latin American area. The Afro-populace or the â€Å"black† as others would usually mark their gathering, is regularly, if not for the most part denied of access to property, media, and methods for creation. I concur when they state that you shouldn’t pass judgment flippantly. It’s the equivalent with individuals †don’t judge an individual by his shading in light of the fact that an individual is something other than the shade of his skin or the subtleties of his face. There is the soul. There are the va lues.Maybe the beneficial thing about arranging individuals is the point at which they are pleased to be of that race not on the grounds that they are more white or taller, but since individuals from their district, their race has accomplished something great and moving that impact individuals of other race or area. It is the point at which that individual is glad to be of that race since his kin have helped such a large number of denied others. Be that as it may, how regularly do these things occur? How frequently does an individual become pleased on the grounds that he has â€Å"Indian† highlights? This is one proof that racial separation has been in existentfor so long that it has been a piece of our practices and to think and build up such notions.Generalization ought to be maintained a strategic distance from in light of the fact that this beginnings the warming discussion and quarrel over segregation. Each person is extraordinary, exceptional. For some odd reason he/she has such highlights, that he/she was conceived on that area. By and by, that individual is the same as you and me. Mestizaje has influenced such a significant number of races, if not every one of them, that it really is a piece of life, of history, of the lives even of the primary individuals on earth.. It is inescapable in light of the fact that it is human instinct mingle, and interact.The beneficial thing about the present is having organizations against bigotry, affirmation of the issue, and mindfulness that the framework applies approvals to violators since it doesn't endure such bias. It is acceptable to realize that with these things, we need not be apprehensive for our youngsters and our children’s kids on the grounds that there are individuals to ensure them and battle for them. Be that as it may, when can we truly state that we, our youngsters, and the coming ages would be liberated from contempt? From bias? From experiencing the inequali

Amazon

Amazon © Shutterstock.com | Denys PrykhodovAn extremely important e-commerce channel, Amazon has unique features and benefits. In this article we will look at 1) what is Amazon,  2) how to sell successfully on Amazon,  3)  advantages and disadvantages of selling on Amazon,  and 4) Amazon success stories.WHAT IS AMAZON?The CompanyUnquestionably the biggest e-commerce platform in the world, Amazon is an internet giant with global presence and reach. The company began as an online seller of books but quickly adopted emerging trends and branched out into areas such as sales of entertainment media like DVDs, VHSs, CDs, online video and mp3 streaming and downloads, software and video games. It also expanded to begin selling electronics, clothing items, food, toys, children’s items, jewelry, and household items. A few years ago, the company diversified into the production of consumer electronics including the Kindle E-book reader, Kindle Fire Tablets, Fire TV and the Fire Phone. Recently, the c ompany has also started offering cloud computing services.The company is headquartered in Seattle, Washington in the United States. It began as the company Cadabra, incorporated by Jeff Bezos in 1994 and went online as Amazon.com in 1995. The company has individual retail websites for the US, France, Germany, the UK, Canada, Spain, Brazil, Italy, Australia, India, Mexico and China. There are plans to launch sites for Sri Lanka, South East Asia, Poland, Netherlands and Sweden. Some products can also be shipped to several other international locations.The Business ModelAmazon allows both individuals and businesses to sell their products through the website. The company offers the Seller Central website to manage all aspects of selling via the website. Through this website, a seller can add product information, add inventory and manage orders and payments. Sellers can chose to ship items themselves where certain Amazon.com shipping rates will apply based on the product category or they can chose to use Amazon to fulfill orders. In the second scenario, merchandise is stocked in Amazon fulfillment centers and are packed and shipped by Amazon for an additional charge. Amazon also provides customer service for these items.Selling CostsAmazon offers two selling plans to prospective sellers. There is a professional selling plan where a monthly subscription is charged in addition to a per item fee. There is also an individual plan for people selling less than 40 items per month where only per item fee is charged. The professional plan includes additional services such as top placement in product pages, ability to sell in more categories, customize shipping plans etc.If a seller chooses to use fulfillment by Amazon, additional fees will apply. All third parties can chose to sell as either individual or professional sellers.Inside Amazon: Secrets of an Online Mega-Giant HOW TO SELL SUCCESSFULLY ON  AMAZONImportant Things to Know Before Selling on Amazon.comWhere will prod ucts be listed? The main product page is always the lowest cost offer that is fulfilled by Amazon. Under the product’s name is an ‘offers’ link, where the rest of the product offerings will be listed.How will the order of the merchant offers list be determined? Some of the factors that determine this order include competitive pricing, the number of sellers, history as a seller with Amazon, and number of seller reviews.How can products be moved to the top of the list? The best way to move products up a list is to make sure that any items sold through Amazon are done so in a smooth and efficient way. Quicker than this method is to either sell a popular product at a lower price or sell a product with less competition to start building credibility as a seller.Who benefits the most from selling on Amazon.com? Certain types of sellers are more successful than others. These include those who sell unique items that they product themselves, those who sell niche items or things that app eal to hobbyists and those that sell refurbished or used items.Should products be associated with a product already listed? Amazon allows products to be listed only once so if a product is connected to an already listed item there is a higher chance it will be seen.Why can some shipping methods not be used at first? Sellers start off with some basic shipping methods and gradually earn the right to offer better shipping methods such as two day shipping when reliability has been established.How can seller reviews be increased? Reviews cannot be solicited in exchange for money or reward. If the customer is given a great experience from beginning to end, they will be more likely to leave a positive review on their own.Tips for Selling on AmazonCreating Successful Product PagesA vital step to creating a successful sales business on Amazon.com is to create easy to find and informative product pages. The key areas in this regard are:Create a Strong Headline: The first thing to do to create a successful and attractive product listing is to create a heading that gives all the necessary information without being full of spam. Items to be included include the brand and any highlighting features or special benefits. Don’t try to fill up with too many keywords as this can result in keyword spamming.Enter Keywords as other ‘Search Terms”: Any important keywords that do not make sense in the title can be entered here. Be sure not to repeat those that are already in the title.Search for Your Own Product: After creating listings, make sure you attempt to search for your own product. This is a good test because you will get an idea of how easy or difficult it is to locate. If you cannot manage to find it, it is a strong possibility that others won’t either. In this case you may need to go back and adjust the keywords. Just by searching as a buyer would, you begin to think as a buyer would and often that can help enhance listings.Enhancing SalesSelling on Amazon has its positives and negatives. There is enormous competition with hundreds of sellers vying for the same customers. But, there are also an estimated 90 million unique visitors to the site every month. According to amazon, new sellers in the marketplace can often see a 50-percent increase in total revenue once they start selling seriously on Amazon. Some tips to achieve this type of success are:Don’t be Afraid to Compete on Price: In the marketplace, one of the major aspects that create product differentiation is price. This is a basic fact and there are ways to use this to continue to be profitable. The seller should try to list items that have enough margin to absorb a lower price offer along with other selling costs.Get a Professional Seller Subscription: Though smaller sellers may want to start out on an individual plan, eventually it is a good idea to move to a pro plan. This offers less per listing charges and a monthly subscription instead. There are other benefits as well such as the ability to upload bulk listings, better reporting on sales, more selling options and the ability to add new and unique listings.Try to Sell a Unique Item: Through a pro plan, a seller has the ability to add new listings to Amazon that will have no competitors. Niche products also often have a specific market that makes these items easier to sell.Market to Amazon Customers: In the Amazon marketplace, a seller has the opportunity to market to the buyer and turn them into a repeat customer. This can be done by making special offers such as a discount on the next purchase or something similar.Common MistakesThere are some basic mistakes that even experienced sellers on Amazon.com make periodically. These includeFailure to Correctly Calculate Shipping Costs: Sellers have to offer shipping options according to Amazon’s criteria for different categories of products. These costs are almost never as low as Amazon estimates. Final amounts end up being higher and the cost has to be born e by the sellers. It is a good idea to add as much as between 50 to 100 percent of the quoted Amazon shipping cost to a seller’s own shipping cost to get an accurate estimate of expenses.Failure to Correctly Price Items: It is necessary to do a marketplace analysis of similar items and see how much they are being sold for. This helps correctly price an item so that it sells quickly. Many items are bundled into Amazon free shipping inside one package which is convenient for customers. To offset this, the item should be priced low enough to offer benefits without the Amazon shipping convenience. But make sure you factor in Amazon’s charges to know exactly how much you will get out of the transaction.Failure to Market Items: It is vital to market items strongly by added good quality images and strong descriptions. In the case of used items, be candid about any defects to avoid false expectations that could lead to returned items and poor reviews.Failure to Sell a Unique Item: If yo u have an item to sell that is not listed, this doesn’t mean that there is no demand for it. In fact it could be the opposite and you may be able to sell it to a niche user at a premium price.Failure to be Available to Ship: Items need to be shipped out quickly once an order is placed. If a seller expects to be unavailable to ship for a few days, then it is a good idea to take down the listing temporarily. Faster shipping leads to better ranking.Failure to Plan for Returns: In cases like software, it is difficult to offer returns. But telling a customer this can often lead to bad reviews and a fall in seller status. It is a good idea to plan for such an eventuality or sell these types of items without a return policy.Failure to Contest a Bad Review or Claim: If there is a bad review from a customer that is not justified, you can ask Amazon to remove it. You can also contest Amazon pointing you out for shipping close to deadline. Customers can be reminded to leave a positive review .Failure to Keep Track of Sales and Queries: It is vital to stay on top of sales and queries and responding to both fast. If an item is not shipped in time you may get a lower seller rating and if a potential customer is not satisfied they may move on or leave a bad review. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELLING ON AMAZONThere are many advantages and disadvantages of selling through Amazon.com. These include the following.Advantages of Selling on Amazon.comHigher Sales: Given the incredible scale of Amazon as a marketplace, there are more chances of selling more products at better prices. Sellers report an average of a 50 percent increase in sale on joining the Amazon marketplace.Better Access to Customers: A visitor to Amazon won’t be looking for your store. But they may be searching for your products. Access to these products may not be possible if not for the Amazon marketplace. Once you have a customer in the door, it is in your power to turn them into repeat customers by off ering a great product and great service.Marketplace Infrastructure: In physical markets, similar sellers often group together to benefit from numbers. Similarly, in the Amazon marketplace, buyers get a variety of options and a better shopping experience. Additionally, single stream checkout and support help create a smooth shopping experience.Disadvantages of Selling on Amazon.comAdditional Fees: Despite increased sales, there are also added costs of the marketplace. Most of these are deducted as a percentage of each item sold and may vary by category of items. This makes it necessary to understand and calculate margins to make sure you remain profitable.Marketplace Infrastructure: Both an advantage and a disadvantage, the marketplace is meant to showcase products, not sellers. This means that there is more need to differentiate but also more restrictions on how to do so.Inventory Sync: It is often a challenge to understand stock level and keep these reconciled. There may be manual work required despite the existence of applications to help do the same.                   AMAZON SUCCESS STORIESAngelynn’s Jewelry OrganizersLynn Williams had been selling her unique jewelry organizers with some success for a number of years. She questioned whether her business was big enough for Amazon, but feels that her decision to eventually sell on Amazon was a miraculous transformation for her product. Lynn came up with her idea back in 1991 but couldn’t get it off the ground till 2005. In 2008, she started selling on Amazon. This is the point where the business took off. Sales steadily increased and now 98 percent of her business is through Amazon.She began by working 80 to 120 hours a week and handling all shipping from her home. She eventually moved to the fulfillment by Amazon model despite reservations about maintaining her profitability. She moved her lower priced items to this model and saw an increase in shipping because of additional Amazon benefits such as free shipping and Amazon Prime. She eventually moved all items to this mode and now runs a streamlined operation with reduced workload for herself.Her product remains admired and respected and she manages to maintain a five star rating. She sells to high end clients, often celebrities but also to places like college dorms and to clients worldwide. This range of customers is possible only through a platform such as Amazon, because people are familiar with it and trust it to be reliable and secure.Bakto FlavorsA scientist by profession, Daphna Haykin-Frenkel creates and sells natural vanilla products and through Amazon, has managed to reach clients worldwide. Passionate about her work, Daphna has spent years researching her product. She felt that the hardest part of her endeavor was to find the right clients. Once she decided to start selling through Amazon, this aspect became simple and streamlined.The business began by selling vanilla flavor, beans and sugar. They have since expanded in to 40 natural flavors and gourmet spices. Though the company still sells through their physical store in New York City as well as their own website, Amazon remains their biggest sales channel. The ease or order procession and excellent customer treatment by Amazon are two major reasons for their preference for selling here.

Destructive Heterosexuality in Sula - Literature Essay Samples

In Sula, Toni Morrison chronicles the lives of two African-American women whose close friendship is torn apart by infidelity. In the novel, Morrison paints the relationship between the character’s leading women, Sula and Nel, as one of fulfillment, encouragement, and support. Patriarchal heterosexual relationships, by contrast, are painted as unsuccessful or damaging by restricting free will, leaving women to raise families alone, and creating competition and causing division within female friendships. According to Adrianne Rich, author of â€Å"Compulsory Sexuality and Lesbian Existence,† patriarchal heterosexual relationships should be examined as an institution much as the economic system of capitalism or the caste system of racism. Rich believes requisite patriarchal heterosexuality has been established as a means of restraining women’s unique identities and perpetuating male dominance, with the result that it â€Å"keeps numberless women psychologically tra pped, trying to fit mind, spirit, and sexuality into a prescribed script because they cannot look beyond the parameters of the acceptable. It pulls on the energy of such women† (657). Morrison mirrors Rich’s beliefs in Sula when she fabricates the male presence as a negative force in the lives of the novel’s women, where males are typically absent and marriage is seen as a job. While the novel’s two main characters, Sula and Nel, suffer a period of disconnection, both women ultimately realize that their most intimate and essential relationship is with each other. Sula and Nel become fast friends very quickly as a product, describes Morrison, of realizing at a young age that they are â€Å"neither white nor male† (52). Knowing that all freedom is forbidden to them, each girl decides to become something else; they’re able to use each other to develop. The two grow so intimate that they frequently act in tandem, performing identical tasks withou t need of speech. The author demonstrates the girls’ nonverbal collusion when Nel and Sula dig holes in the earth during a sunny summer day: in concert, the girls strip the bark off twigs and use the twigs to dig two separate holes; still not speaking, they join their two smaller holes to form a single larger hole and, when Nel’s twig snaps, both girls toss in their twigs, add bits of trash, and then fill in the hole they’ve created. When thinking about their relationship, Nel relates that â€Å"talking to Sula had always been a conversation with herself. Was there anyone else before whom she could never be foolish? In whose view inadequacy was mere idiosyncrasy, a character trait rather than a deficiency?† (95). The two girls evidence Rich’s sentiments that â€Å"woman-identification is a source of energy, a potential springhead of female power† (657). In each other, the girls find complete acceptance and an emotional rapport not evidenced in any of the heterosexual relationships in Sula. As a product of this constant intimacy with each other, Morrison reports that Sula and Nel grow content and no longer experience the need to conform to the Bottom’s expectations. For example, Nel’s mother, Helene, urges her daughter to pull her nose with a clothespin in the hopes of giving it a more â€Å"attractive† appearance; Nel performs this duty with zest but without expectation until she meets Sula, at which point she retires the clothespin permanently. As well, though Nel still endures having her hair straightened with a hot comb once a week, the affect no longer appeals to her. Morrison’s detailing of Sula and Nel’s relationship is true to Rich’s description of the benefits of female friendship. Quoting author Audre Lord, Rich writes that female comradeship is â€Å"the empowering joy which ‘makes us less willing to accept powerlessness, or those other supplied states of bein g which are not native to me, such as resignation, despair, self-effacement, depression, self-denial’ (650). Like Rich, Morrison illustrates that close female camaraderie makes it possible for the women to resist conformity.Marriage, both in Sula and in â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality,† is viewed as the destructive, yet inevitable, outcome of the patriarchal heterosexual mold. In detailing marriage, Morrison writes that Eva, after being hospitalized following the death of Hannah, recalls Hannah’s dream from the night before of getting married in a red dress. Eva remembers that marriage, in dreams, always means death. Morrison’s views on marriage encouraged by patriarchal heterosexuality are even more clearly expressed through Sula’s eyes:Those with husbands had folded themselves into starched coffins, their sides bulging with other people’s skinned dreams and bony regrets. Those without men were like sour-tipped needles featuring one consta nt empty eye. Those with men had had the sweetness sucked from their breath by ovens and steam kettles. Their children were like distant but exposed wounds whose aches were no less intimate because separate from their flesh. They had looked at the world and back at their children, and Sula knew that one clear young eye was all that kept the knife away from the throat’s curve. (122).From Sula’s statements, it’s apparent that Morrison feels marriage is a negative construct into which women are lured as a way of filling what they are indoctrinated to believe is an unavoidable emptiness. Rich writes in â€Å"Compulsory Sexuality† that women marry as part of the patriarchal heterosexual institution because it’s essential â€Å"in order to survive economically, in order to have children who would not suffer economic deprivation or social ostracism, in order to remain respectable, in order to do what was expected of women because coming out of ‘abn ormal’ childhoods they wanted to feel normal, and because heterosexual romance has been represented as the great female adventure, duty, and fulfillment† (654). Consistent with Rich’s theory, Morrison states that Nel’s parents have succeeded in dulling any spark of individuality from Nel in their determination for her to be viewed as well-bred, desirable wife material. Helene, in particular, is resolute in her yearning for Nel to lead a more â€Å"normal† life: having been born to a whore and raised by her grandmother, Helene is still plagued with the need to prove, to herself and others, how far she’s risen on the social ladder, even if her daughter must serve as the proof. Nel marries Jude because he makes her feel singularly needed; in Morrison’s words, â€Å"[Nel] didn’t even know she had a neck until Jude remarked on it, or that her smile was anything but the spreading of her lips until he saw it as a small miracle† (84). For his part, Jude desires to marry Nel in reaction to being emasculated by the white citizens of Medallion. Morrison conveys that the whites refuse to hire African-Americans for decent jobs despite their superior qualifications, so Jude is forced to rely on very little pay and must turn to his mother for support. To Jude’s way of thinking, marrying Nel allows him to justify his menial work; he can tell himself that he stays at his job out of necessity, to support his family. As for Sula, she encourages Nel’s marriage to Jude simply because â€Å"she thought it was the perfect thing to do following their graduation from general school† (84). When Sula supports Nel’s marriage, however, she doesn’t suspect that Nel will settle down to the conventional patriarchal role of the possessive, sympathetic wife. When Jude complains about how tough life is for a black man, for example, Sula interjects her opinion that black men seem to have a rather eas y life specifically to prevent Nel from uttering the expected â€Å"milkwarm commiseration† (103). In response to Sula’s comments, Jude sizes Sula up as â€Å"a woman roaming the country trying to find some man to burden down with a lot of lip and a lot of mouths† (103). Simply because Sula dares to voice her own beliefs, Jude becomes upset and concludes that Sula’s going to be trouble for men. After Jude leaves Nel, Morrison narrates Sula’s reflection that â€Å"she knew well enough what other women said and felt, or said they felt. But she and Nel had always seen through them. They both knew that those women were not jealous of other women; that they were only afraid of losing their jobs† (119). Instead, by the time Sula returns from ten years away at college, she discovers belatedly that Nel has changed: after Sula sleeps with Jude, Nel is unable to forgive her. Sula eventually comes to the bitter realization that â€Å"now Nel was one o f them. One of the spiders whose only thought was the next rung of the web†¦They were merely victims and knew how to behave in that role (just as Nel knew how to behave as the wronged wife)†¦Now Nel belonged to the town and all of its ways† (120). In the end, Nel is so enveloped in the town’s customs that she chides Sula for her determination to remain independent. Though Morrison narrates that Sula’s glad she lived for herself, Sula also falls for a man prior to her demise. When Sula first meets Ajax, she enjoys his company mainly because he doesn’t talk down to her like other men; a not-so-subtle critique of male condescension. Gradually, Sula feels herself developing a sense of possession over Ajax. When she makes the mistake of revealing too much of her emotions to her lover, he decides to leave. Sula realizes that she did not hold my head stiff enough when I met him and so I lost it just like the dolls (136). Morrison’s description of Sula’s self-scorn over falling for Jude shows the author’s view that females act as mindless â€Å"dolls† when pursuing a conventional heterosexual relationship; it also reveals yet another failed heterosexual connection. Further, Sula discovers that Ajax’s real name is Alan Jacks. Since she hasn’t even known his name, Sula concludes that she never knew the man at all. Their relationship represents Sula’s attempt to fall in with the heterosexual institution: the urge to conform insinuates itself so heavily that Sula constructs her own image of â€Å"Ajax;† repeatedly describing her craving to scrape off his outer layer to reveal the â€Å"gold† she’s sure lies underneath (137).Within the first three chapters of Morrison’s novel Sula, the author sketches a picture of absent boyfriends, husbands and fathers. Eva, Sula’s grandmother, is forced to raise her family alone when her husband BoyBoy abandons her. Re kus, Sula’s father and Hannah’s husband, is granted only a single sentence in the novel, when Morrison explains that he died when Sula was three; the cause of his death isn’t mentioned. Wiley, Nel’s father and Helene’s husband, is alive but rarely home. The male image doesn’t improve as the novel progresses: Jude leaves Nel after having an affair with Sula, and Sula’s boyfriend, Ajax, leaves when he suspects Sula is beginning to feel possessive of him. The consequences of the little-seen or completely absent males are exhibited in various ways. For instance, because they’re left to raise their families alone, Eva, Hannah, and Helene are unable to spend much time playing with their children. The lack of personal attention damages not only the mothers’ relationships with their daughters, but the daughters’ eventual relationships with their own children: since Helene is birthed to a lower-class whore, she feels the n eed to groom her daughter, Nel, into the perfect, docile woman as proof of how far she’s come. Nel is therefore not allowed room for imagination or other personal expression. As Rich urges in â€Å"Compulsory Sexuality,† Morrison closely scrutinizes patriarchal heterosexual relationships in Sula. Both women highlight the benefits of female companionship: when Sula and Nel are together in the beginning of the novel, Morrison relates that each is able to be her own person, express her own passions, and feel completely free, a sentiment echoed in â€Å"Compulsory Sexuality.† Morrison focuses on her belief that heterosexual relationships are an institution inflicted by males to repress females by continually stressing the failure of compulsory patriarchal heterosexual relationships and the harmful outcomes compliance exacts on women. Nel’s seduction into the patriarchal heterosexual relationship mold, for instance, costs Sula and Nel’s friendship to en d in heartbreak and leaves Nel, in particular, feeling that she’s lost a piece of herself. Similar to Rich, Morrison describes patriarchal heterosexual relationships, and the marriage touted as the ultimate goal thereof, as a leech sucking women dry of joy and leaving them empty husks continuing to live for their children’s sake. Solely through an examination of the institution of patriarchal heterosexual relationships can the pattern of male dominance, which has set the mold for all forms of abuse, be broken.

Benefits of Preparing a PowerPoint Presentation from Scratch

Benefits of Preparing a PowerPoint Presentation from Scratch Before you start working with PowerPoint, remember that the best presentation is the one done from scratch. The purpose of any presentation is to provide genuine and authentic information which is 100 percent non-plagiarized. There’s no need to overwhelm your audience with demonstration of all the software opportunities – you just have to present your ideas in clear way. There are many PowerPoint services on the web, where you can easily order presentation and it will be ready in a short period of time without any efforts of yours. You get what you want and present it at your college/university. Aren’t you supposed to feel proud and happy? The point is that real happiness and proud can be experienced only in case if the PowerPoint presentation will be done by your own hands and intellect. Follow our simple guide and you will discover the main benefits of doing PowerPoint from scratch. You have to decide if the presentation you are working on will be of entertaining, informative, persuasive or selling nature. Define what kind of approach it is recommended to use for your audience – formal or informal. It is extremely important to use the colors and clip art in strict accordance with the objective of your PowerPoint presentation. Once you have decided to do PowerPoint presentation from scratch, you get an opportunity to create custom show by means of it! When working on your presentation, you should keep it simple. Don’t forget to cut the clutter. It is advisable to use not more than one graphic image per slide. While creating your own PowerPoint presentation from scratch, never use more than six words per bullet. Use six bullets on one page. It is highly recommended to use six word slides in one row. Note that it is important to use the same fonts and colors throughout the whole presentation. Pick up the PowerPoint images of the same style.

Plan Human Resources For A Proposed Project Based On Plan

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Role Of Reading And Writing The Achievement Of Desire,...

The role of reading and writing in the academic setting Over the semester, we have studied the importance of reading and writing across the essential studies curriculum. In our studies, we have analyzed 3 pieces of literature: Richard Rodriguez’s â€Å"the Achievement of Desire†, Lucille P. McCarthy’s a â€Å"A Stranger in Strange Lands†, and David R. Russell, and Arturo Yanez’s â€Å"’Big Picture People Rarely Become Historians’. We have used these 3 heavily cited and well known articles and narratives to sculpt our ideas around what the purpose of reading and writing in general education is. From the past several papers I have written, I have been able to compile a list of important characteristics from each individual studied in the texts, and have been able to devise my own theory of regarding reading and writing. Reading and writing are the 2 single most important activities seen in the academic setting due to their key role in modern educational learning. But why are they so important? To understand the modern educational setting, think of a quilt. Quilts are made of a large number of fabric patterns. Each pattern in this metaphor represents a different course or major. The fabrics are held together by thread. The thread is representative of reading and writing. These two activities form the structure around how we build our knowledge. Without reading and writing, learning new information would be an arduous task of memorization from verbal instructions. But with them, we allow

Sexism in Early Civilizations Essays - 733 Words

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TheseRead MoreCritical Analysis : Before 1492 1419 Words   |  6 Pagespage 183, Blaut reiterates that before 1492, Europeans had no advantage over Africans or Asians, in any way (ideological, social, or material). Blaut goes on to explain how Europe was able to defeat the Native Americans by destroying states and civilizations and the exploitation of labor. Though, according to Blaut, Europe did not reach a swift transformation until a few decades after 1492. One of the concepts that caught my attention and aligned with history was that once Europe began to rise, theRead MoreThe Heart Of Darkness And Things Fall Apart1585 Words   |  7 PagesKirkus review speak about Things Fall Apart, â€Å"This book sings with the terrible silence of dead civilizat ions in which once there was valor.† This novel is the incredibly powerful story of an Ibo Brave Man, Okonkwo, and his tribe’s fall fromgrace. It is impossible to read this novel without feeling the powerful passion, tragedy, and courage involved in the story. The Guardian says of Heart of Darkness, â€Å"Despite his protestations, this is undeniably an invaluable historical document offering a glimpseRead MoreGetty Kouros Research Paper1035 Words   |  5 Pagescompletely settle the issue of the â€Å"Getty Kouros† authenticity. Certain components of the statue have led to this questioning, especially a mixture of earlier and later stylistic traits. For example, the grid like hair of this kouros is a representation of early archaic style and the naturalistic feet of this kouros is representation of later archaic style. The use of marble from the island of Thasos at a date when its use is unexpected is also another indication that this statue may be a forgery. If authenticRead MoreInfanticide And Single Sex Education1284 Words   |  6 Pagesit against the â€Å"gender equality†? In the early civilizations, education was informally and it was primarily households. As time passed, people began to get educated more formally and methodically. Ancient Greece and Asia focused mainly on the male pedagogy. Then in ancient Rome, the availability of education was extended to women, but they were separated from men. The early Christians and medieval Europeans continued this trend. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, coeducation grew much more

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (Bars) Free Essays

Question: What techniques discussed in this chapter did he seem to apply? Answer: The technique discussed in this chapter did Mr. Trump seem to apply is behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS). It is an appraisal method that aims at combining the benefits of narrative critical incidents and quantified ratings by anchoring a quantified scale with specific narrative example of good or poor performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (Bars) or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are five steps required to developing the BARS which the first one is write critical incidents. On this step, it is required to ask persons who know the job (jobholders and/or supervisors) to describe specific illustrations (critical incidents) of effective and ineffective job performance. The second step is develop performance dimensions which people group the incidents into five or ten dimensions and then define each of the dimension. The example of the dimension is salesmanship skills, skill in monetary transactions, bagging skills, human relation skills and so forth. The third step of developing BARS is reallocate incidents that verify these groupings and have another team of people who also know the job reallocate the original critical incidents. From the second step and the critical incidents, a cluster definition has been concluded and must reassign each incident to the cluster which is fits best. For example, 50 per cent to 80 per cent of this second team assigns it to the same cluster as did the first group. The next step is scaling the incident which the second group were rate the behavior described by the incident as to know how effective or inefficiently it represents performance on the dimension. The last step of developing BARS is developing a final instrument which chooses about six to seven of the incidents as the dimension’s behavioral anchors. However, there are some advantages when developing the behaviorally anchored rating scale. The first one is more accurate gauge which people know and do the job and its requirements better than anyone develop the BARS and finally was producing a good gauge of job performance. Secondly is has a clearer standards. The critical incidents along the scale illustrate what to look for in terms of superior performance, average performance, and so on. Meaning that, they will know how good they are in term of performance. Third advantage is getting the feedback which the critical incidents make it easier to explain the ratings to appraisees. Next advantage is it has independent dimensions. Clustering the critical incidents into five or six performance dimensions should help to make the performance dimensions more independent of one another. Lastly, consistency is the advantage where the BARS-based evaluations seem to be relatively reliable, in that different raters’ appraisals of the same person tend to be similar. How to cite Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scale (Bars), Papers

Compare and contrast Alexander II and Alexander III free essay sample

Although they were father and son, the reigns of Alexander II and Alexander III took off in completely different directions. Alexander II was committed to his empire by vowing to reform Russia, making it more in line with nineteenth-century western society. His son, on the other hand, was the unprepared tsar, whose actions were literally reactions to his father’s unexpected assassination. Consequently, Alexander II went down in history as much more productive in the field of domestic policy; in dealing with revolutionaries; and in his foreign policy than his son Alex III would ever be. 1855 was a tough time for Alexander II to take the throne. Russia was in the middle of a costly war which they were losing, liberals were pushing hard for reform, and nobles were in fear of losing their power. On the home front, people were looking for change, and Alexander was their best hope. In 1856, when the Treaty of Paris was signed, he gave a speech promising Russians a new era of peace. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and contrast Alexander II and Alexander III or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To the dismay of the nobles, Alexander also hinted towards the end of serfdom, saying that it was better â€Å"to abolish serfdom from above, than to wait until that time when it begins to destroy itself from below. † Having made multiple visits to gubernias, or provinces, he kept himself familiarized with domestic issues. Because of his many travels, he relied heavily on his advisers and used bureaucratic methods to solve enormous problems facing the nation such as emancipation, which he signed into law in 1861. Although the standard of living for peasants remained at a low, the abolishing of serfdom was a great step forward, as it let to other reforms, including the zemstva government, the opening of schools to all classes, and the easing of censorship. After the assassination of Alexander II, the liberal ministers resigned, and conservatives took their posts. This, coupled with the shock of his father’s demise, influenced Alexander III, and he became stubborn and unimaginative. His reign became known as the â€Å"Era of Counter-Reforms,† as he tried his best to undo all the liberal reforms his father had put into place. Alexander III’s stance on domestic issues came as no surprise. As a youngster, he was tutored by Konstantin Pobodonestev, a conservative, forceful man who strongly opposed Western ideology. Pobodonestev’s ideas and beliefs rubbed off on the young boy, and he blamed his father’s liberal-minded reforms as the cause for his murder. Seeking to strengthen the autocracy, he gave officials the power to declare a state of emergency, and to arrest or fine anyone unreliable. He also cleverly cut off schools by setting up discriminatory admission rules, against women, poor families, and the Jews. He then forced the expansion of Russian culture and language by forcing everyone in the nation to speak, write, and think in Russian; otherwise known as Russification. Alexander III preferred having as much control as possible over his people, something he did not have in common with his father. Despite all the work Alexander II did toward reforming Russia, the â€Å"Era of Great Reforms† left one crucial aspect unaltered: the power of the emperor. The intentional neglect of this was what kept the reforms from realizing their true potential. This led to dissatisfaction, which encouraged repression, terror, and most importantly: revolution. The first was the Polish Rebellion, caused by the failure of Russian authorities to suppress Polish nationalism. Although the Poles failed, other minorities sprung up for their voice to be heard. On April 2, 1879, a terrorist shot at but missed Tsar Alexander. These violent acts of terror split apart Russian radicals. People that approved of such actions formed an organization named the People’s Will. Those who opposed terror called themselves the Black Partition. Alexander II did little to suppress these groups, however, and eventually fell victim to members of the People’s Will, bleeding to his death on March 13, 1881. Because of the way his father was killed, Alexander III was very cautious when it came to revolutionaries. He made it very clear to his government that he wanted to rid Russia of everyone associated with revolutionary views. Alexander abandoned the plans his father had of creating a constitution, and believed that only absolute autocracy could fight the revolution. Subsequently, repressing the revolutionaries became a recurring theme for Alexander III’s reign. The Treaty of Paris, which signified the ending of the Crimean War, was Alexander II’s first important foreign-policy act. The result of the treaty was unfortunate because Russia lost important territories, and the Black Sea became neutral territory. This was a huge blow to Russian influence in that region. Russia then tried to turn things around, with the help of France. Alexander II met with Napoleon III multiple times to coordinate agreements. However, in 1863, the French emperor gave moral and diplomatic support to the Polish insurrection, which soured Franco-Russian relations. With the diplomatic assistance of Otto von Bismarck, war with France and Britain was avoided. Bismarck also helped Russia recover parts of what it lost from the Crimean War, however, Alexander was not yet content. He tried to recover the remainder of his losses: the province of Bessarabia and the influence in Turkey, but this led to the Turkish War of 1877-78. Although the war ended in disappointment because it did not increase Russian prestige in the East, Alexander II was able to recover Bessarabia. Lastly, the Treaty of San Stephano, which extended Russian influence into the Balkans, was of little benefit. The other Great Powers urged Russia to modify it at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and as a result, Russia had less influence in the Balkans. The foreign policy of Russia underwent some major changes directed by Alexander III. Relations with Germany began to fall through because the tsar was suspicious that Bismarck was plotting hostile designs against Russia. Hence, Russia sought an alliance with France, and wanted to create a counter- alliance against the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria, and Italy. However, his unsure feeling that France would not provide stability resulted in prolonged negotiations. It was not until 1895, after Alexander III’s death, that France and Russia were referred to as allies. One could argue that both Alexander II and Alexander III did what they thought was the best for their nation. While Alexander II took to reform to modernize the country, his son based his reign solely on reactions to his father’s assassination, and carried out his policies with great caution. As a result of this, Alexander II fared better than his son in the critical areas of domestic policy, in dealing with revolutionaries, and in foreign policy. Unfortunately for both rulers, they could not imagine the eventual grand revolution that would later take place in Russia.

Stress Management Courses in Community Sample †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Stress Management Courses in Community Sample. Answer: Introduction Mindfulness is said to enhance self-regulation in presence of threatening or stressful experiences according to various literatures. In contemporary research in psychology there has been tremendous investigations related to impact of mindfulness for being a psychological construct for multiple clinical as well as behavioral interventions(Josefsson, 2014). Multiple studies have been progressed in order to analyse the impacts of mindfulness with that of stress by various researchers. Findings from all relevant studies reflects a positive relation of stress with that of mindfulness for coping with response. There are multiple theories as well that have been derived for enhancing studies relative to mindfulness to increase capacity of individuals for experiencing feelings as stress. The scope of this report analyses effects of mindfulness on coping behaviour amongst students of Western Sydney University. A group of participants were selected, who were exposed to a variety of situations o f diversified feelings then results were taken down and analysed to understand their relation with mindfulness indicators(Alsubaie, 2017). Analysis of results from the study have been discussed in detail in this report identifying the pertinent factors that are conducive to its study. The aim of this study examines impact of stress on mindfulness causing behaviour patterns amongst students, which also forms underlying hypothesis. There is a literature gap in this study as it does not incorporate other exhibitors of mindfulness and incorporates behavioral patterns as only parameter to depict effects of stress. A total of 478 undergraduate students from Western Sydney University participated in a study investigating the effects of mindfulness on coping behaviour. Trait mindfulness was measured using the 15-item Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale. Sample items included I find it difficult to stay focused on whats happening in the present and I rush through activities without really being attentive to them. Participants were asked to rate each item on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). A higher score indicates lower trait mindfulness. General perceived stress was measured with the 10-item version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Sample items included In the last month, how often have you been upset because of something that happened unexpectedly and In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems. Participants were asked to rate each item on a five-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree). A higher score indicates higher perceived stress in the last month. Coping behavior was measured post-test using the COPE Inventory from which approach and avoidance coping scales were derived. Only scores from the approach coping subscale were used in the final analysis because they focus on adaptive coping behaviours. Approach coping comprised measures of acceptance, positive reinterpretation and growth, and active coping, each comprising of four items. Participants were tested in their Psychology: Behavioural Science tutorial in weeks two and three. At the end of week two participants were instructed to complete a number of pretest items that included Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, General perceived stress, and cognitive defusion scales. In week three participants completed the manipulation of stress in which students were asked about their challenge or weakness in a hypothetical interview question. Following the manipulation of stress, tutorial groups were given a number of different inductions. These inductions included a mindfulness condition, a relaxation condition, and a control condition. The mindfulness induction involved participants either doing an acceptance meditation, a leaves on the stream meditation, or a mindful raising eating activity in which participants were invited to touch, smell, feel, and taste the raisin in a deliberate way. The relaxation condition involved tensing and relaxing the various muscle groups of the body using a progressive muscle relaxation script. In the control condition participants were reminded to allow their thoughts to wander. All inductions were recorded by an appropriately qualified psychologist to ensure consistency across the conditions. The self-affirmation written task was excluded from the analysis. A maze solving task was then given to participants as a filler task. In order to measure adaptive coping behaviours, participants were then instructed to complete the COPE Inventory We first examined the baseline measures of trait mindfulness and general perceived stress in the last month on the three conditions of mindfulness, relaxation, and the control (across the stress and no stress condition). No significant differences between the three conditions on trait mindfulness were found. A 3 x 2 (type of induction x stress) between groups ANOVA was performed on scores from the approach coping style of the brief COPE inventory. Initial analysis of the data found no missing data and assumptions of normality and homogeneity were satisfactory. The induction by stress interaction was non-significant, F(2, 217) = 0.44, p = .647. The main effect of induction was not significant F(2, 217) = 0.05, p = .95. The main effect of stress was not significant F(2, 217) = 0.35, p = .56. Descriptive statistics are given in Table 1. Mean Approach Coping Scores for Type of Induction by Stress No Stress Stress Total Type of Induction M SD M SD M SD Meditation 11.15 2.41 11.26 2.76 11.21 2.60 Relaxation 11.64 2.26 10.95 2.65 11.35 2.44 Control 11.18 1.81 11.09 2.81 11.14 2.34 Total 11.28 2.26 11.16 2.72 11.22 2.50 For the purpose of progressing on this study and conducting subsequent analysis of the same, the scholar has adopted first hand data collection. Primary data collection procedure has been adopted with explorative study methodology(Tapper, 2009). This procedure allows to explore various theories and concepts of psychology with that of mindfulness. The scholar has explored multiple theories and concepts in order to arrive at background for developing the study technique. Then following which inductive reasoning has been adopted which allows for drawing conclusions from theories and subsequent concepts connecting mindfulness with various behavioral patterns. The scholar has further adopted quantitative analysis with collection of such data for arriving at results for the study. Then subsequently statistical techniques and procedures were adopted for analysing the data collected from 478 total participants for the study(Weinstein, 2009). The scholar has adopted ethical procedures and not adhered to any unethical means by providing details of the study to the participants prior to collecting information. There are three parameters that has been adopted for the study consisting of Trait mindfulness with Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale, General perceived stress with Received Stress Scale and coping behaviour with COPE Inventory. A cognitive scale had been adopted for the purpose of drawing data from students in hypothetical formed questions. Participants were divided into control groups and experimental groups, for experimental group had been given, Induction techniques were adopted for manipulating stress and maze solving tasks for CO PE Inventory. Control condition participants were allowed to wander(Siegling, 2014). ANNOVA test was conducted on Trait Mindfulness for arriving at results for the study. Mindfulness has several impacts on psychological health of individual students as its relation can be said to be positively related. Psychological well-being has been found to be dependent empirically as well as theoretically related to mindfulness(Raes, 2011). Drawing from the results of the data that was collected, there had been measures of mindfulness, relaxation and control on trait mindfulness(Agee, 2009). The findings from the data reflects that there were no subsequent effects of stress on mindfulness from the induction that was made. The induction made for control group as well as for experimental group where they had been exposed to situations have not been significant. This reflects that hypothesis on factors of behaviours on mindfulness can easily be rejected and the other hypothesis can be established( Nussbaum, 2008). In meditation, relaxation and control situations there have relatively no deviation on mindfulness factors which provides that with similar SD values stress and no stress situation on mindfulness almost prevailed to be similar in nature. Mindfulness consist of several factors as awareness, non-judgmental acceptance, anxiety, fear, suppress along with various other emotions. The hypothesis of the study has adopted that stress does impact mindfulness for exhibiting behaviours. Literature of this study examines only psychological impacts from stress on mindfulness that can exhibit behaviours amongst students. Results and findings from the study are analysed as below; Research Findings 1: Mindfulness has been described to be a psychological trait that provides a mode of awareness. It is connected to reducing as much possible confusion and deriving meaning from all perceptions. Non-judgmental way of perceiving the present moment is a definition that represents mindfulness. In this context students from the University were provided a set of hypothetical questions, in order to test their mindfulness or attentions or awareness levels. They were provided set of situations where they had answer these questions. Then Coping with stress scores were derived from each one of them for computation which reveal low variations amongst them(Dobkin, 2017). Students had reflected almost randomly irrespective of the situations in which they were exposed to. Research Findings 2: Bishop et al. model proposes two components of mindfulness as self-regulation of attention and adopting of particular orientation in ones experience. This model provides useful thoughts and concepts from where questions for students has been derived. As students are subject to number of tests and assignments of the most important questions was to reflect on ways in which they handled stress when they were unable to finish tasks. In spite of various situations, students found that this resulted often in high stress on them, when they were unable to complete a task in time. Thus, from this it can be derived and analysed that response towards stress often is connected with stress factor and not towards their mindfulness to cause behaviour patterns. Research Findings 3: Ones orientation towards a particular incidence has been connected to behavioral patterns of mindfulness. A students attitude, orientation, openness, curiosity, acceptance are some factors that are connected with mindfulness and cannot be equated against resignation or passiveness. Mindfulness needs to be cultivated for attaining goals of individuals and cannot be impacted from situations, it is a psychological course. Students when exposed to a wide variety of situations were expected to react differently in various groups(Van Vliet, 2017). While the scholar created incidents separately in for determining behavioral trends which can be distinctly identified, no such distinctions were noted. While calculating standard deviation and p results for each group, similar trends were found. Thus, mindfulness meditation that began in 1960s was determined to be an integral factor in psychological intervention. It works as a clinical method for various disposition with no significant behavioral outcomes as anxiety, cheerfulness, fear and so on. Thus, stress being connected to mindfulness as a behaviour pattern can act as a stimuli in case of meditation. Though the Mean in case of stress factor in meditation were fairly high as compared to no stress situations. Research Findings 4: Relaxation also has been found by many researchers as having positive correlation with positive behavioral trends in mindfulness. With results done form the analysis it was found that relaxation does not impact greatly on mindfulness in stress and no stress conditions. Meaning that in this case also hypothesis can be rejected and no behavioral outcomes has been seen. Trait mindfulness is generally found to be associated with higher levels of satisfaction, consciousness, self-esteem, sense of autonomy, empathy, optimism, pleasant effect and agreeableness amongst other factors. There are other negative behavioral trends associated with mindfulness which results in difficulty in emotional regulations. Self-reported measures in the study has been totally excluded. Thus, it can be said that trait mindfulness is not impacted by control factors, relaxation and meditation variables as assigned in the study. Research Findings 5: The results from the study depicts no significant impacts on trait mindfulness and all results from participants has been collected by scholar himself. Trait mindfulness can act as useful determinant in psychological well-being which cannot be connected with any factors that has been identified in the study. The study provides useful insights into factors that can be rejected while analysing or developing features that can increase mindfulness amongst students. This study in case enhanced can results in tremendous benefits in the domain of psychological sciences by rejecting these three factors for student level enhancement for trait mindfulness factors. The scope of the study is immense and can form basis for further theoretical extension. References Agee, J. D.-B. (2009). Comparing brief stress management courses in a community sample: mindfulness skills and. Explore: The Journal of Science and, 104-109. Alsubaie, M. A. (2017). Mechanisms of action in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) in people with physical and/or psychological conditions: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review. Dobkin, P. L. (2017). Who experiences depressive symptoms following mindfulness-based stress reduction and why? International Journal of Whole Person Care. Josefsson, T. L. (2014). The effects of ashort-term mindfulness based intervention on self-reported mindfulness,decentering, executive attention, psychological health, andcoping style: examining unique mindfulness effects and mediators. Mindfulness, 18-35. Nussbaum, A. D. (2008). Defensiveness versus remediation:self-theories and modes of self-esteem maintenance. Personality Social Psychology Bulletin, 599-612. Raes, F. (2011). The effect of self-compassion on the development of depression symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Mindfulness, 33-36. Siegling, A. B. (2014). Measures of trait mindfulness:convergent validity, shared dimensionality, and linkages to the fivefactor model. Frontiers in Psychology, 1164. Tapper, K. S. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulnessbased weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 396-404. Van Vliet, K. J. (2017). Impact of a mindfulness?based stress reduction program from the perspective of adolescents with serious mental health concerns. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 16-22. Weinstein, N. B. (2009). A multi-method examination of the effects of mindfulness on stress attribution, coping,and emotional well-being. Journal of Research in Personality, 374385.